Why Choose Korba Spine & Joint Centre?
Expert-Led Team:
Led by Dr. Vivek Arora, a specialist with over 17 years of experience and a proven track record of treating more than 5,000+ patients through 50,000+ successful sessions, achieving a 95% success rate in treating spine conditions.
Advanced Spine Surgery Options:
Our team also includes Dr. Harshit Goenka, a renowned spine surgeon with experience in over 1,800+ successful endoscopic spine surgeries, 3,000+ microscopic surgeries, and 500+ revision surgeries.
Comprehensive & Personalized Care:
We focus on delivering customized treatment plans tailored to your needs, combining advanced physiotherapy, surgical expertise, and compassionate care.
Proven Success & Trust:
We have helped thousands of patients regain mobility and overcome pain, ensuring the highest level of satisfaction.
1. Lumbar Disc Herniation (Slipped Disc)
Description: A condition where the soft inner core of the intervertebral disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer, compressing nearby nerves.
Symptoms: Sharp lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness, often affecting one side.
2. Lumbar Spondylosis (Degenerative Disc Disease)
Description: Age-related wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and joints, leading to disc degeneration and bony growths.
Symptoms: Chronic lower back pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Pain may radiate to the buttocks and legs.
3. Lumbar Canal Stenosis
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
Symptoms: Pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs, especially while standing or walking (claudication). Pain relieved by sitting or bending forward.
4. Sciatica
Description: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, usually due to a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.
Symptoms: Sharp pain radiating from the lower back to the buttock and down the leg, often accompanied by numbness or tingling.
5. Spondylolisthesis
Description: Forward displacement of one vertebra over the one below it, leading to spinal instability.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, hamstring tightness, and leg pain. Severe cases may cause numbness, weakness, or difficulty walking.
6. Lumbar Facet Syndrome
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the facet joints in the lumbar spine.
Symptoms: Localized lower back pain, worse with extension or rotation. Pain may radiate to the buttocks or thighs but rarely below the knee.
7. Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Description: Chronic pain disorder caused by sensitive trigger points within muscles and fascia.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain in the lower back with muscle stiffness, tenderness, and referred pain patterns.
8.Piriformis Syndrome
Description: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle in the buttock.
Symptoms: Pain in the buttock that radiates down the leg, worsened by sitting, standing, or crossing legs.
9. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SIJ Dysfunction)
Description: Improper movement or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint connecting the spine and pelvis.
Symptoms: Lower back pain on one side, radiating to the buttocks, hips, or groin. Aggravated by standing or stair climbing.
10. Coccydynia (Coccyx Pain)
Description: Inflammation or injury to the coccyx (tailbone) at the base of the spine.
Symptoms: Localized pain at the tailbone, worsened by sitting or transitioning from sitting to standing.
11. Spinal Instability
Description: Excessive movement between vertebrae due to weakened ligaments or joints, often secondary to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, muscle spasms, and a “catching” sensation during movement.
12. Spinal Tumors or Infections
Description: Abnormal growths or infections in the spine, leading to spinal cord compression.
Symptoms: Persistent pain, neurological deficits, weakness, weight loss, fever, or localized tenderness.
13. Ankylosing Spondylitis
Description: A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to fusion of the vertebrae.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of lower back pain and stiffness, typically worse in the morning and improving with exercise.
14. Cauda Equina Syndrome
Description: A serious condition caused by compression of the cauda equina (bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord).
Symptoms: Severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia, bowel or bladder dysfunction, and leg weakness. Requires emergency treatment.
15.Lumbago (Nonspecific Lower Back Pain)
Description: Generalized low back pain without a specific identifiable cause.
Symptoms: Dull or sharp pain in the lower back, often due to muscle strain or ligament sprain.
14. Muscle Strain or Ligament Sprain
Description: Overstretching or tearing of muscles or ligaments in the lower back.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of lower back pain, muscle spasms, and difficulty in movement.
15. Spinal Fractures
Description: Breaks or cracks in the vertebrae, usually due to trauma or osteoporosis.
Symptoms: Severe, localized back pain, especially with movement. In severe cases, can cause numbness, weakness, or paralysis.
16. Osteoarthritis of the Lumbar Spine
Description: Degenerative joint disease affecting the lumbar spine.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the lower back, radiating to the hips or legs. May include a grating sensation with movement.
17. Lumbar Radiculopathy
Description: Compression or irritation of the lumbar spinal nerve roots, causing pain along the nerve distribution.
Symptoms: Sharp, shooting pain radiating from the lower back to the leg (commonly called “sciatica”), muscle weakness, and numbness.
18. Lumbar Spinal Canal Cysts
Description: Fluid-filled sacs in the lumbar spinal canal, leading to nerve compression.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, or weakness, typically worsening with activity.
19. Sacroiliitis
Description: Inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints, often linked to inflammatory arthritis conditions.
Symptoms: Pain in the lower back and buttocks, stiffness, and sometimes pain radiating to the groin or legs.
20. Lumbo-Sacral Transitional Vertebrae (LSTV)
Description: A congenital anomaly where the last lumbar vertebra shows characteristics of a sacral vertebra.
Symptoms: Chronic lower back pain and altered biomechanics, potentially leading to early disc degeneration.
Description: A condition where the soft inner core of the intervertebral disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer, compressing nearby nerves.
Symptoms: Sharp lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness, often affecting one side.
2. Lumbar Spondylosis (Degenerative Disc Disease)
Description: Age-related wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and joints, leading to disc degeneration and bony growths.
Symptoms: Chronic lower back pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Pain may radiate to the buttocks and legs.
3. Lumbar Canal Stenosis
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
Symptoms: Pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs, especially while standing or walking (claudication). Pain relieved by sitting or bending forward.
4. Sciatica
Description: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, usually due to a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.
Symptoms: Sharp pain radiating from the lower back to the buttock and down the leg, often accompanied by numbness or tingling.
5. Spondylolisthesis
Description: Forward displacement of one vertebra over the one below it, leading to spinal instability.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, hamstring tightness, and leg pain. Severe cases may cause numbness, weakness, or difficulty walking.
6. Lumbar Facet Syndrome
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the facet joints in the lumbar spine.
Symptoms: Localized lower back pain, worse with extension or rotation. Pain may radiate to the buttocks or thighs but rarely below the knee.
7. Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Description: Chronic pain disorder caused by sensitive trigger points within muscles and fascia.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain in the lower back with muscle stiffness, tenderness, and referred pain patterns.
8.Piriformis Syndrome
Description: Compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle in the buttock.
Symptoms: Pain in the buttock that radiates down the leg, worsened by sitting, standing, or crossing legs.
9. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (SIJ Dysfunction)
Description: Improper movement or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint connecting the spine and pelvis.
Symptoms: Lower back pain on one side, radiating to the buttocks, hips, or groin. Aggravated by standing or stair climbing.
10. Coccydynia (Coccyx Pain)
Description: Inflammation or injury to the coccyx (tailbone) at the base of the spine.
Symptoms: Localized pain at the tailbone, worsened by sitting or transitioning from sitting to standing.
11. Spinal Instability
Description: Excessive movement between vertebrae due to weakened ligaments or joints, often secondary to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, muscle spasms, and a “catching” sensation during movement.
12. Spinal Tumors or Infections
Description: Abnormal growths or infections in the spine, leading to spinal cord compression.
Symptoms: Persistent pain, neurological deficits, weakness, weight loss, fever, or localized tenderness.
13. Ankylosing Spondylitis
Description: A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to fusion of the vertebrae.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of lower back pain and stiffness, typically worse in the morning and improving with exercise.
14. Cauda Equina Syndrome
Description: A serious condition caused by compression of the cauda equina (bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord).
Symptoms: Severe lower back pain, saddle anesthesia, bowel or bladder dysfunction, and leg weakness. Requires emergency treatment.
15.Lumbago (Nonspecific Lower Back Pain)
Description: Generalized low back pain without a specific identifiable cause.
Symptoms: Dull or sharp pain in the lower back, often due to muscle strain or ligament sprain.
14. Muscle Strain or Ligament Sprain
Description: Overstretching or tearing of muscles or ligaments in the lower back.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of lower back pain, muscle spasms, and difficulty in movement.
15. Spinal Fractures
Description: Breaks or cracks in the vertebrae, usually due to trauma or osteoporosis.
Symptoms: Severe, localized back pain, especially with movement. In severe cases, can cause numbness, weakness, or paralysis.
16. Osteoarthritis of the Lumbar Spine
Description: Degenerative joint disease affecting the lumbar spine.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the lower back, radiating to the hips or legs. May include a grating sensation with movement.
17. Lumbar Radiculopathy
Description: Compression or irritation of the lumbar spinal nerve roots, causing pain along the nerve distribution.
Symptoms: Sharp, shooting pain radiating from the lower back to the leg (commonly called “sciatica”), muscle weakness, and numbness.
18. Lumbar Spinal Canal Cysts
Description: Fluid-filled sacs in the lumbar spinal canal, leading to nerve compression.
Symptoms: Lower back pain, leg pain, numbness, or weakness, typically worsening with activity.
19. Sacroiliitis
Description: Inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints, often linked to inflammatory arthritis conditions.
Symptoms: Pain in the lower back and buttocks, stiffness, and sometimes pain radiating to the groin or legs.
20. Lumbo-Sacral Transitional Vertebrae (LSTV)
Description: A congenital anomaly where the last lumbar vertebra shows characteristics of a sacral vertebra.
Symptoms: Chronic lower back pain and altered biomechanics, potentially leading to early disc degeneration.
1. Cervical Spondylosis (Neck Arthritis)
Description: A common condition where age-related wear and tear affect the bones, discs, and joints in the neck.
Symptoms: Persistent neck pain, stiffness, grinding sensation in the neck during movement, headaches, and sometimes radiating pain in the shoulders or arms.
2. Slip Disc (Cervical Disc Herniation)
Description: Occurs when one of the discs in the neck slips out of place, pressing on nearby nerves. Often called a “slipped disc” or “bulging disc.”
Symptoms: Sharp, shooting pain in the neck that radiates down to the shoulder, arm, or hand. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the fingers or hands, making it difficult to grip objects.
3. Cervical Myelopathy (Spinal Cord Compression)
Description: A condition where the spinal cord in the neck is compressed due to bone spurs, herniated discs, or ligament thickening.
Symptoms: Numbness or weakness in the arms and hands, clumsiness, difficulty walking, loss of balance, and in severe cases, loss of bowel or bladder control.
4. Whiplash
Description: Neck injury caused by a sudden, forceful movement of the head, often occurring in car accidents.
Symptoms: Neck pain and stiffness, headaches (often at the base of the skull), dizziness, blurred vision, and sometimes difficulty concentrating or memory problems.
5. Cervical Facet Joint Pain (Neck Joint Pain)
Description: Pain originating from the small joints at the back of the cervical spine due to wear and tear, arthritis, or sudden injury.
Symptoms: Localized neck pain that can spread to the shoulders or upper back, pain with turning or tilting the head, and stiffness or tenderness around the neck.
6. Cervicogenic Headache (Neck-Related Headache)
Description: Headaches caused by issues in the neck, such as muscle strain or joint problems.
Symptoms: Pain that starts in the neck and spreads to the back of the head, temples, or behind the eyes. Often worsens with neck movement or poor posture.
7. Cervical Spinal Stenosis (Narrowing of the Spinal Canal)
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck due to aging, bone spurs, or disc problems, leading to nerve or spinal cord compression.
Symptoms: Neck pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms and hands, difficulty walking or balancing, and sometimes a heavy or clumsy feeling in the hands.
8. Cervical Instability (Loose Neck Joints)
Description: Abnormal, excessive movement of the vertebrae in the neck, often due to ligament damage, trauma, or connective tissue disorders.
Symptoms: A feeling of instability or “catching” in the neck, headaches, dizziness, neck pain, and sometimes a sensation of the head being “too heavy” to hold up.
9. Neck Osteoarthritis (Neck Wear and Tear)
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage and bones in the neck, leading to the formation of bone spurs.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the neck, grinding or cracking sounds with movement, headaches, and pain that radiates to the shoulder or arm.
10. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Nerve or Blood Vessel Compression)
Description: Compression of the nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib, usually due to poor posture, repetitive activities, or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain in the neck, shoulder, and arm, numbness or tingling in the fingers, weakness in the hand, swelling, or cold sensation in the affected arm.
Description: A common condition where age-related wear and tear affect the bones, discs, and joints in the neck.
Symptoms: Persistent neck pain, stiffness, grinding sensation in the neck during movement, headaches, and sometimes radiating pain in the shoulders or arms.
2. Slip Disc (Cervical Disc Herniation)
Description: Occurs when one of the discs in the neck slips out of place, pressing on nearby nerves. Often called a “slipped disc” or “bulging disc.”
Symptoms: Sharp, shooting pain in the neck that radiates down to the shoulder, arm, or hand. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the fingers or hands, making it difficult to grip objects.
3. Cervical Myelopathy (Spinal Cord Compression)
Description: A condition where the spinal cord in the neck is compressed due to bone spurs, herniated discs, or ligament thickening.
Symptoms: Numbness or weakness in the arms and hands, clumsiness, difficulty walking, loss of balance, and in severe cases, loss of bowel or bladder control.
4. Whiplash
Description: Neck injury caused by a sudden, forceful movement of the head, often occurring in car accidents.
Symptoms: Neck pain and stiffness, headaches (often at the base of the skull), dizziness, blurred vision, and sometimes difficulty concentrating or memory problems.
5. Cervical Facet Joint Pain (Neck Joint Pain)
Description: Pain originating from the small joints at the back of the cervical spine due to wear and tear, arthritis, or sudden injury.
Symptoms: Localized neck pain that can spread to the shoulders or upper back, pain with turning or tilting the head, and stiffness or tenderness around the neck.
6. Cervicogenic Headache (Neck-Related Headache)
Description: Headaches caused by issues in the neck, such as muscle strain or joint problems.
Symptoms: Pain that starts in the neck and spreads to the back of the head, temples, or behind the eyes. Often worsens with neck movement or poor posture.
7. Cervical Spinal Stenosis (Narrowing of the Spinal Canal)
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal in the neck due to aging, bone spurs, or disc problems, leading to nerve or spinal cord compression.
Symptoms: Neck pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms and hands, difficulty walking or balancing, and sometimes a heavy or clumsy feeling in the hands.
8. Cervical Instability (Loose Neck Joints)
Description: Abnormal, excessive movement of the vertebrae in the neck, often due to ligament damage, trauma, or connective tissue disorders.
Symptoms: A feeling of instability or “catching” in the neck, headaches, dizziness, neck pain, and sometimes a sensation of the head being “too heavy” to hold up.
9. Neck Osteoarthritis (Neck Wear and Tear)
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage and bones in the neck, leading to the formation of bone spurs.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the neck, grinding or cracking sounds with movement, headaches, and pain that radiates to the shoulder or arm.
10. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Nerve or Blood Vessel Compression)
Description: Compression of the nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib, usually due to poor posture, repetitive activities, or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain in the neck, shoulder, and arm, numbness or tingling in the fingers, weakness in the hand, swelling, or cold sensation in the affected arm.
1. Thoracic Spondylosis (Age-related spine wear and tear)
Description: Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine due to aging, including disc thinning, bone spurs, and joint stiffness.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, stiffness, limited movement, and sometimes nerve compression leading to radiating pain.
2. Thoracic Disc Herniation (Slipped disc in mid-back)
Description: A condition where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compresses the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Symptoms: Sharp mid-back pain, numbness, or tingling sensation in the chest or abdomen, and weakness in the legs if severe.
3. Thoracic Kyphosis (Excessive forward curve of the mid-back)
Description: Abnormal forward rounding of the thoracic spine.
Symptoms: Hunched posture, upper back pain, stiffness, and, in severe cases, breathing difficulties due to reduced lung capacity.
4. Scheuermann’s Disease (Juvenile Kyphosis or rounded back)
Description: A structural deformity of the thoracic spine that occurs in adolescents, leading to a pronounced kyphotic curve.
Symptoms: Poor posture, back pain that worsens with activity, and muscle fatigue.
5. Costovertebral Joint Dysfunction (Rib and spine joint pain)
Description: Dysfunction in the joints where ribs meet the thoracic spine, causing localized pain.
Symptoms: Sharp pain near the spine, discomfort during deep breathing or rotation, and tenderness at the joint.
6. Thoracic Facet Joint Syndrome (Mid-back joint pain)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the facet joints in the thoracic spine.
Symptoms: Localized pain in the mid-back, pain with twisting or bending, and muscle spasms around the affected area.
7. Intercostal Neuralgia (Nerve pain between the ribs)
Description: Compression or irritation of the intercostal nerves that run between the ribs.
Symptoms: Sharp, burning pain along the ribs, tenderness, and pain that worsens with movement or deep breathing.
8. Thoracic Myofascial Pain Syndrome (Muscle pain and stiffness in mid-back)
Description: Chronic pain syndrome affecting the thoracic muscles, characterized by trigger points and referred pain.
Symptoms: Deep, aching mid-back pain, muscle stiffness, and tender points.
9. Ankylosing Spondylitis (Stiffening of the spine joints)
Description: An inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to fusion.
Symptoms: Persistent mid-back pain, stiffness, reduced flexibility, and morning stiffness that improves with activity.
10. T4 Syndrome (Upper back pain with arm and hand symptoms)
Description: A condition involving the T4 vertebra, causing referred pain in the arms and hands.
Symptoms: Mid-upper back pain, numbness, or tingling in the arms and hands, and a sense of weakness in the upper limbs.
11. Thoracic Spine Fracture (Broken bone in mid-back)
Description: A break or crack in one or more vertebrae of the thoracic spine, often due to trauma or osteoporosis.
Symptoms: Sudden, severe mid-back pain, difficulty standing or walking, and visible spinal deformity in severe cases.
12. Thoracic Spinal Stenosis (Narrowing of the spinal canal in the mid-back)
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal in the thoracic region, compressing the spinal cord.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs, and loss of bowel or bladder control in severe cases.
13. Postural Dysfunction (Bad posture-related mid-back pain)
Description: Pain due to prolonged poor posture, leading to muscle imbalances and strain in the mid-back.
Symptoms: Aching mid-back pain, stiffness, and pain that worsens with prolonged sitting or standing.
14. Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture (Collapsed bone in mid-back)
Description: A collapse of a vertebra in the mid-back, often due to osteoporosis or trauma.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp pain, height loss, and a stooped posture in chronic cases.
15. Osteoporosis-related Thoracic Pain (Weak bone causing mid-back pain)
Description: Decreased bone density leading to fragile vertebrae that are prone to fractures.
Symptoms: Chronic dull pain, spontaneous fractures, and difficulty performing daily activities.
16. Scoliosis (Sideways curvature of the spine)
Description: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often in the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Uneven shoulders or hips, rib hump on bending forward, and mid-back pain if severe.
17. Costochondritis (Inflammation of the rib cartilage)
Description: Inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone.
Symptoms: Sharp, localized pain near the breastbone, pain that worsens with deep breaths, and tenderness.
18. Rib Subluxation (Partially dislocated rib joint)
Description: Partial dislocation of a rib joint, often due to trauma or intense physical activity.
Symptoms: Sharp pain with movement, breathing difficulties, and tenderness over the affected rib.
19. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Nerve or blood vessel compression near collarbone)
Description: Compression of nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet area (near collarbone and first rib).
Symptoms: Neck and mid-back pain, numbness in the arms and fingers, and swelling in the affected arm.
20. Scapulothoracic Dysfunction (Shoulder blade movement issue affecting mid-back)
Description: Abnormal movement of the scapula against the thoracic wall, causing pain and restricted range of motion.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, snapping or grinding sound, and difficulty lifting the arm.
21. Fibromyalgia (Widespread muscle pain including mid-back)
Description: A chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, including the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, tender points, and sensitivity to pressure.
22. Meralgia Paresthetica (Pain or numbness in the rib area due to nerve compression) Description: A condition caused by compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve, leading to pain and numbness. Symptoms: Burning pain, tingling, or numbness in the side of the chest or abdomen, worsening with prolonged standing or walking. 23. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Description: Reactivation of the chickenpox virus, causing a painful rash along the affected nerve, often seen in the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Severe mid-back pain, itching, and a red rash that eventually develops into fluid-filled blisters, with pain persisting even after the rash resolves.
24. Thoracic Paraspinal Muscle Strain (Mid-back muscle strain)
Description: Overstretching or tearing of the paraspinal muscles on either side of the spine, usually due to sudden movement or lifting.
Symptoms: Localized mid-back pain, muscle spasms, pain that worsens with movement, and stiffness.
25. Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (Nerve damage causing mid-back weakness or pain)
Description: A rare neurological disorder causing sudden shoulder and mid-back pain, followed by muscle weakness due to nerve damage.
Symptoms: Sudden, severe pain in the mid-back or shoulder, muscle atrophy, loss of muscle control, and weakness in the affected muscles.
Description: Degenerative changes in the thoracic spine due to aging, including disc thinning, bone spurs, and joint stiffness.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, stiffness, limited movement, and sometimes nerve compression leading to radiating pain.
2. Thoracic Disc Herniation (Slipped disc in mid-back)
Description: A condition where the intervertebral disc bulges out and compresses the spinal cord or nerve roots.
Symptoms: Sharp mid-back pain, numbness, or tingling sensation in the chest or abdomen, and weakness in the legs if severe.
3. Thoracic Kyphosis (Excessive forward curve of the mid-back)
Description: Abnormal forward rounding of the thoracic spine.
Symptoms: Hunched posture, upper back pain, stiffness, and, in severe cases, breathing difficulties due to reduced lung capacity.
4. Scheuermann’s Disease (Juvenile Kyphosis or rounded back)
Description: A structural deformity of the thoracic spine that occurs in adolescents, leading to a pronounced kyphotic curve.
Symptoms: Poor posture, back pain that worsens with activity, and muscle fatigue.
5. Costovertebral Joint Dysfunction (Rib and spine joint pain)
Description: Dysfunction in the joints where ribs meet the thoracic spine, causing localized pain.
Symptoms: Sharp pain near the spine, discomfort during deep breathing or rotation, and tenderness at the joint.
6. Thoracic Facet Joint Syndrome (Mid-back joint pain)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the facet joints in the thoracic spine.
Symptoms: Localized pain in the mid-back, pain with twisting or bending, and muscle spasms around the affected area.
7. Intercostal Neuralgia (Nerve pain between the ribs)
Description: Compression or irritation of the intercostal nerves that run between the ribs.
Symptoms: Sharp, burning pain along the ribs, tenderness, and pain that worsens with movement or deep breathing.
8. Thoracic Myofascial Pain Syndrome (Muscle pain and stiffness in mid-back)
Description: Chronic pain syndrome affecting the thoracic muscles, characterized by trigger points and referred pain.
Symptoms: Deep, aching mid-back pain, muscle stiffness, and tender points.
9. Ankylosing Spondylitis (Stiffening of the spine joints)
Description: An inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to fusion.
Symptoms: Persistent mid-back pain, stiffness, reduced flexibility, and morning stiffness that improves with activity.
10. T4 Syndrome (Upper back pain with arm and hand symptoms)
Description: A condition involving the T4 vertebra, causing referred pain in the arms and hands.
Symptoms: Mid-upper back pain, numbness, or tingling in the arms and hands, and a sense of weakness in the upper limbs.
11. Thoracic Spine Fracture (Broken bone in mid-back)
Description: A break or crack in one or more vertebrae of the thoracic spine, often due to trauma or osteoporosis.
Symptoms: Sudden, severe mid-back pain, difficulty standing or walking, and visible spinal deformity in severe cases.
12. Thoracic Spinal Stenosis (Narrowing of the spinal canal in the mid-back)
Description: Narrowing of the spinal canal in the thoracic region, compressing the spinal cord.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs, and loss of bowel or bladder control in severe cases.
13. Postural Dysfunction (Bad posture-related mid-back pain)
Description: Pain due to prolonged poor posture, leading to muscle imbalances and strain in the mid-back.
Symptoms: Aching mid-back pain, stiffness, and pain that worsens with prolonged sitting or standing.
14. Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture (Collapsed bone in mid-back)
Description: A collapse of a vertebra in the mid-back, often due to osteoporosis or trauma.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp pain, height loss, and a stooped posture in chronic cases.
15. Osteoporosis-related Thoracic Pain (Weak bone causing mid-back pain)
Description: Decreased bone density leading to fragile vertebrae that are prone to fractures.
Symptoms: Chronic dull pain, spontaneous fractures, and difficulty performing daily activities.
16. Scoliosis (Sideways curvature of the spine)
Description: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often in the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Uneven shoulders or hips, rib hump on bending forward, and mid-back pain if severe.
17. Costochondritis (Inflammation of the rib cartilage)
Description: Inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone.
Symptoms: Sharp, localized pain near the breastbone, pain that worsens with deep breaths, and tenderness.
18. Rib Subluxation (Partially dislocated rib joint)
Description: Partial dislocation of a rib joint, often due to trauma or intense physical activity.
Symptoms: Sharp pain with movement, breathing difficulties, and tenderness over the affected rib.
19. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Nerve or blood vessel compression near collarbone)
Description: Compression of nerves or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet area (near collarbone and first rib).
Symptoms: Neck and mid-back pain, numbness in the arms and fingers, and swelling in the affected arm.
20. Scapulothoracic Dysfunction (Shoulder blade movement issue affecting mid-back)
Description: Abnormal movement of the scapula against the thoracic wall, causing pain and restricted range of motion.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, snapping or grinding sound, and difficulty lifting the arm.
21. Fibromyalgia (Widespread muscle pain including mid-back)
Description: A chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, including the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Mid-back pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, tender points, and sensitivity to pressure.
22. Meralgia Paresthetica (Pain or numbness in the rib area due to nerve compression) Description: A condition caused by compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve, leading to pain and numbness. Symptoms: Burning pain, tingling, or numbness in the side of the chest or abdomen, worsening with prolonged standing or walking. 23. Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
Description: Reactivation of the chickenpox virus, causing a painful rash along the affected nerve, often seen in the thoracic region.
Symptoms: Severe mid-back pain, itching, and a red rash that eventually develops into fluid-filled blisters, with pain persisting even after the rash resolves.
24. Thoracic Paraspinal Muscle Strain (Mid-back muscle strain)
Description: Overstretching or tearing of the paraspinal muscles on either side of the spine, usually due to sudden movement or lifting.
Symptoms: Localized mid-back pain, muscle spasms, pain that worsens with movement, and stiffness.
25. Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (Nerve damage causing mid-back weakness or pain)
Description: A rare neurological disorder causing sudden shoulder and mid-back pain, followed by muscle weakness due to nerve damage.
Symptoms: Sudden, severe pain in the mid-back or shoulder, muscle atrophy, loss of muscle control, and weakness in the affected muscles.
1. Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Shoulder Pinching Pain)
Description: Compression of the tendons or bursa under the acromion (top shoulder bone), causing inflammation.
Symptoms: Pain when lifting the arm overhead, pain during sleeping, and limited shoulder range of motion.
2. Rotator Cuff Tear (Partial Tear of Shoulder Tendon)
Description: A tear in one or more of the rotator cuff tendons, often due to overuse or trauma.
Symptoms: Dull ache deep in the shoulder, weakness when lifting or rotating the arm, and clicking sounds when moving.
3. Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Description: Stiffening of the shoulder joint capsule, leading to progressive pain and restricted movement.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of pain and stiffness, difficulty reaching overhead, and inability to perform activities like combing hair.
4. Biceps Tendinitis (Biceps Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation or irritation of the biceps tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder.
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the shoulder, especially during lifting or pulling, tenderness over the biceps groove, and swelling.
5. Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis (Shoulder Joint Arthritis)
Description: Degenerative changes in the shoulder joint, leading to cartilage loss and joint stiffness.
Symptoms: Deep, aching shoulder pain, stiffness in the morning, reduced range of motion, and crepitus (grating sensation).
6. Subacromial Bursitis (Inflamed Shoulder Bursa)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) under the acromion, causing pain during shoulder movements.
Symptoms: Pain at the top and outside of the shoulder, increased pain at night, and tenderness over the shoulder.
7. Shoulder Labral Tear (Torn Shoulder Cartilage)
Description: A tear in the labrum, a ring of cartilage that stabilizes the shoulder joint, often caused by repetitive motions.
Symptoms: Catching or locking sensation, pain during specific movements, and weakness in overhead activities.
8. Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis (AC Joint Arthritis)
Description: Degenerative wear-and-tear of the AC joint (between the clavicle and acromion), often due to aging or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain on the top of the shoulder, difficulty reaching across the body, and joint tenderness.
9. Calcific Tendinitis (Calcium Deposit in Tendon)
Description: Build-up of calcium deposits within the shoulder tendons, leading to sudden pain and inflammation.
Symptoms: Sharp shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and pain worsening at night.
10. Supraspinatus Tendinitis (Supraspinatus Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon, part of the rotator cuff, often due to overuse.
Symptoms: Pain with arm elevation, tenderness over the top of the shoulder, and weakness during overhead activities.
11. Shoulder Subluxation (Partial Shoulder Dislocation)
Description: Partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, often due to weak muscles or ligament laxity.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder slipping out, pain during certain arm movements, and visible shoulder asymmetry.
12. Scapular Dyskinesis (Abnormal Shoulder Blade Movement)
Description: Improper movement of the scapula (shoulder blade) due to muscle imbalances or nerve damage.
Symptoms: Shoulder blade winging, pain during arm elevation, and shoulder instability.
13. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Shoulder & Arm Nerve Compression)
Description: Compression of nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib, affecting shoulder and arm function.
Symptoms: Pain, tingling, or numbness in the neck, shoulder, and arm, and weakness in gripping or carrying.
14. SLAP Lesion (Superior Labrum Tear)
Description: Tear of the labrum at the point where the biceps tendon attaches, often due to trauma or repetitive overhead activities.
Symptoms: Clicking, popping, or catching in the shoulder, deep shoulder pain, and weakness in overhead activities.
15. Shoulder Instability (Loose Shoulder Joint)
Description: Excessive movement of the shoulder joint due to ligament laxity, making the shoulder prone to dislocation.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder “giving way,” pain during movements, and recurring shoulder dislocations.
16. Shoulder Tendinopathy (Tendon Wear & Tear)
Description: Degeneration of shoulder tendons, causing pain and dysfunction, often due to chronic overuse.
Symptoms: Pain at the front or side of the shoulder, stiffness, and pain worsening with repetitive activities.
17. Snapping Scapula Syndrome (Shoulder Blade Snapping)
Description: Abnormal contact between the shoulder blade and the ribs, causing a snapping or popping sensation.
Symptoms: Audible snapping or grinding sound during shoulder movements, pain over the scapula, and discomfort when moving the arm overhead.
18. Shoulder Girdle Muscle Strain (Muscle Pull around Shoulder)
Description: Overstretching or tearing of muscles around the shoulder girdle due to sudden movement or overuse.
Symptoms: Localized pain, muscle spasm, tenderness, and difficulty moving the shoulder.
19. Posterior Shoulder Instability (Back Shoulder Joint Looseness)
Description: Looseness or instability of the shoulder joint, causing the humeral head to move excessively backward.
Symptoms: Pain or discomfort at the back of the shoulder, sensation of the shoulder “slipping” backward, and reduced strength.
20. Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)
Description: Reduced internal rotation range in the shoulder joint, often due to muscle tightness or imbalance.
Symptoms: Reduced shoulder rotation, pain during overhead activities, and decreased sports performance.
21. Scapular Winging (Protruding Shoulder Blade)
Description: The shoulder blade protrudes out of the back due to nerve damage or muscle weakness.
Symptoms: Visible protrusion of the shoulder blade, difficulty lifting the arm, and shoulder instability.
22. Multidirectional Instability (MDI)
Description: The shoulder joint is loose in multiple directions due to weak supporting structures.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder slipping in multiple directions, pain, and shoulder fatigue.
Description: Compression of the tendons or bursa under the acromion (top shoulder bone), causing inflammation.
Symptoms: Pain when lifting the arm overhead, pain during sleeping, and limited shoulder range of motion.
2. Rotator Cuff Tear (Partial Tear of Shoulder Tendon)
Description: A tear in one or more of the rotator cuff tendons, often due to overuse or trauma.
Symptoms: Dull ache deep in the shoulder, weakness when lifting or rotating the arm, and clicking sounds when moving.
3. Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Description: Stiffening of the shoulder joint capsule, leading to progressive pain and restricted movement.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of pain and stiffness, difficulty reaching overhead, and inability to perform activities like combing hair.
4. Biceps Tendinitis (Biceps Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation or irritation of the biceps tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder.
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the shoulder, especially during lifting or pulling, tenderness over the biceps groove, and swelling.
5. Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis (Shoulder Joint Arthritis)
Description: Degenerative changes in the shoulder joint, leading to cartilage loss and joint stiffness.
Symptoms: Deep, aching shoulder pain, stiffness in the morning, reduced range of motion, and crepitus (grating sensation).
6. Subacromial Bursitis (Inflamed Shoulder Bursa)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) under the acromion, causing pain during shoulder movements.
Symptoms: Pain at the top and outside of the shoulder, increased pain at night, and tenderness over the shoulder.
7. Shoulder Labral Tear (Torn Shoulder Cartilage)
Description: A tear in the labrum, a ring of cartilage that stabilizes the shoulder joint, often caused by repetitive motions.
Symptoms: Catching or locking sensation, pain during specific movements, and weakness in overhead activities.
8. Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis (AC Joint Arthritis)
Description: Degenerative wear-and-tear of the AC joint (between the clavicle and acromion), often due to aging or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain on the top of the shoulder, difficulty reaching across the body, and joint tenderness.
9. Calcific Tendinitis (Calcium Deposit in Tendon)
Description: Build-up of calcium deposits within the shoulder tendons, leading to sudden pain and inflammation.
Symptoms: Sharp shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and pain worsening at night.
10. Supraspinatus Tendinitis (Supraspinatus Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon, part of the rotator cuff, often due to overuse.
Symptoms: Pain with arm elevation, tenderness over the top of the shoulder, and weakness during overhead activities.
11. Shoulder Subluxation (Partial Shoulder Dislocation)
Description: Partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, often due to weak muscles or ligament laxity.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder slipping out, pain during certain arm movements, and visible shoulder asymmetry.
12. Scapular Dyskinesis (Abnormal Shoulder Blade Movement)
Description: Improper movement of the scapula (shoulder blade) due to muscle imbalances or nerve damage.
Symptoms: Shoulder blade winging, pain during arm elevation, and shoulder instability.
13. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Shoulder & Arm Nerve Compression)
Description: Compression of nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib, affecting shoulder and arm function.
Symptoms: Pain, tingling, or numbness in the neck, shoulder, and arm, and weakness in gripping or carrying.
14. SLAP Lesion (Superior Labrum Tear)
Description: Tear of the labrum at the point where the biceps tendon attaches, often due to trauma or repetitive overhead activities.
Symptoms: Clicking, popping, or catching in the shoulder, deep shoulder pain, and weakness in overhead activities.
15. Shoulder Instability (Loose Shoulder Joint)
Description: Excessive movement of the shoulder joint due to ligament laxity, making the shoulder prone to dislocation.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder “giving way,” pain during movements, and recurring shoulder dislocations.
16. Shoulder Tendinopathy (Tendon Wear & Tear)
Description: Degeneration of shoulder tendons, causing pain and dysfunction, often due to chronic overuse.
Symptoms: Pain at the front or side of the shoulder, stiffness, and pain worsening with repetitive activities.
17. Snapping Scapula Syndrome (Shoulder Blade Snapping)
Description: Abnormal contact between the shoulder blade and the ribs, causing a snapping or popping sensation.
Symptoms: Audible snapping or grinding sound during shoulder movements, pain over the scapula, and discomfort when moving the arm overhead.
18. Shoulder Girdle Muscle Strain (Muscle Pull around Shoulder)
Description: Overstretching or tearing of muscles around the shoulder girdle due to sudden movement or overuse.
Symptoms: Localized pain, muscle spasm, tenderness, and difficulty moving the shoulder.
19. Posterior Shoulder Instability (Back Shoulder Joint Looseness)
Description: Looseness or instability of the shoulder joint, causing the humeral head to move excessively backward.
Symptoms: Pain or discomfort at the back of the shoulder, sensation of the shoulder “slipping” backward, and reduced strength.
20. Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD)
Description: Reduced internal rotation range in the shoulder joint, often due to muscle tightness or imbalance.
Symptoms: Reduced shoulder rotation, pain during overhead activities, and decreased sports performance.
21. Scapular Winging (Protruding Shoulder Blade)
Description: The shoulder blade protrudes out of the back due to nerve damage or muscle weakness.
Symptoms: Visible protrusion of the shoulder blade, difficulty lifting the arm, and shoulder instability.
22. Multidirectional Instability (MDI)
Description: The shoulder joint is loose in multiple directions due to weak supporting structures.
Symptoms: Sensation of shoulder slipping in multiple directions, pain, and shoulder fatigue.
1. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow, often due to repetitive stress.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the outer elbow, weakness in grip strength, discomfort when lifting or gripping objects, and pain that radiates down the forearm.
2. Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of tendons on the inner part of the elbow, typically caused by repetitive wrist and forearm motions.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inner elbow, weakness in the forearm, and pain that worsens with gripping or wrist flexion activities.
3. Olecranon Bursitis (Student’s Elbow)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) located at the back of the elbow, often due to prolonged pressure, trauma, or infection.
Symptoms: Swelling at the back of the elbow, warmth, redness, and tenderness; in severe cases, the bursa may fill with fluid, causing a visible lump.
4. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (Ulnar Nerve Entrapment)
Description: Compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel on the inner side of the elbow.
Symptoms: Numbness and tingling in the ring and little fingers, pain in the inner elbow, and weakness in the hand or forearm, especially in tasks requiring fine motor skills.
5. Radial Tunnel Syndrome (Radial Nerve Entrapment)
Description: Entrapment or compression of the radial nerve near the elbow, leading to pain and weakness.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain along the top of the forearm, tenderness in the radial tunnel area (just below the lateral epicondyle), and pain that worsens with forearm rotation.
6. Distal Biceps Tendinopathy (Biceps Tendon Injury)
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the distal biceps tendon, often caused by overuse or sudden trauma.
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the elbow, weakness when bending the elbow or turning the palm upwards, and swelling or bruising in the elbow crease.
7. Triceps Tendinopathy (Triceps Tendon Injury)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the triceps tendon at its attachment to the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness at the back of the elbow, weakness when straightening the elbow, and a possible popping sensation during movement.
8. Elbow Osteoarthritis (Wear and Tear Arthritis of the Elbow)
Description: Degenerative joint disease affecting the cartilage and bones of the elbow joint.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the elbow, reduced range of motion, a grating or locking sensation, and swelling around the joint.
9. Elbow Joint Dislocation (Elbow Out of Joint)
Description: Complete or partial displacement of the bones that make up the elbow joint, usually due to trauma.
Symptoms: Intense pain, swelling, deformity of the elbow, inability to move the joint, and bruising around the elbow.
10. Elbow Ligament Sprains (Elbow Ligament Injury)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments supporting the elbow, typically caused by sudden trauma or hyperextension.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness around the elbow, swelling, bruising, instability of the elbow, and difficulty in moving the joint.
11. Little League Elbow (Overuse Injury in Young Athletes)
Description: Overuse injury affecting the growth plate of the inner elbow, common in young athletes involved in throwing sports.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner elbow, swelling, reduced range of motion, difficulty fully extending the arm, and pain during or after throwing activities.
12. Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (PIN Syndrome)
Description: Compression of the posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve), causing weakness and pain in the forearm and hand.
Symptoms: Weakness in wrist extension, difficulty lifting the fingers, pain in the forearm, and loss of dexterity in the hand.
13. Pronator Teres Syndrome (Median Nerve Entrapment at Elbow)
Description: Compression of the median nerve by the pronator teres muscle near the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inner forearm, numbness in the thumb and first two fingers, and difficulty with tasks requiring grip strength.
14. Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid’s Elbow in Children)
Description: Partial dislocation of the radial head from the elbow joint, common in young children due to sudden pulling of the arm.
Symptoms: Child refuses to use the affected arm, holds the elbow slightly bent, pain and discomfort, and reluctance to move the arm.
15. Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injury (Tommy John Injury)
Description: Tear or strain of the UCL ligament on the inner side of the elbow, often due to repetitive stress, such as pitching in baseball.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner side of the elbow, instability, reduced throwing speed or accuracy, and a popping sensation at the time of injury.
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow, often due to repetitive stress.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the outer elbow, weakness in grip strength, discomfort when lifting or gripping objects, and pain that radiates down the forearm.
2. Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of tendons on the inner part of the elbow, typically caused by repetitive wrist and forearm motions.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inner elbow, weakness in the forearm, and pain that worsens with gripping or wrist flexion activities.
3. Olecranon Bursitis (Student’s Elbow)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) located at the back of the elbow, often due to prolonged pressure, trauma, or infection.
Symptoms: Swelling at the back of the elbow, warmth, redness, and tenderness; in severe cases, the bursa may fill with fluid, causing a visible lump.
4. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (Ulnar Nerve Entrapment)
Description: Compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel on the inner side of the elbow.
Symptoms: Numbness and tingling in the ring and little fingers, pain in the inner elbow, and weakness in the hand or forearm, especially in tasks requiring fine motor skills.
5. Radial Tunnel Syndrome (Radial Nerve Entrapment)
Description: Entrapment or compression of the radial nerve near the elbow, leading to pain and weakness.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain along the top of the forearm, tenderness in the radial tunnel area (just below the lateral epicondyle), and pain that worsens with forearm rotation.
6. Distal Biceps Tendinopathy (Biceps Tendon Injury)
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the distal biceps tendon, often caused by overuse or sudden trauma.
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the elbow, weakness when bending the elbow or turning the palm upwards, and swelling or bruising in the elbow crease.
7. Triceps Tendinopathy (Triceps Tendon Injury)
Description: Inflammation or degeneration of the triceps tendon at its attachment to the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness at the back of the elbow, weakness when straightening the elbow, and a possible popping sensation during movement.
8. Elbow Osteoarthritis (Wear and Tear Arthritis of the Elbow)
Description: Degenerative joint disease affecting the cartilage and bones of the elbow joint.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the elbow, reduced range of motion, a grating or locking sensation, and swelling around the joint.
9. Elbow Joint Dislocation (Elbow Out of Joint)
Description: Complete or partial displacement of the bones that make up the elbow joint, usually due to trauma.
Symptoms: Intense pain, swelling, deformity of the elbow, inability to move the joint, and bruising around the elbow.
10. Elbow Ligament Sprains (Elbow Ligament Injury)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments supporting the elbow, typically caused by sudden trauma or hyperextension.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness around the elbow, swelling, bruising, instability of the elbow, and difficulty in moving the joint.
11. Little League Elbow (Overuse Injury in Young Athletes)
Description: Overuse injury affecting the growth plate of the inner elbow, common in young athletes involved in throwing sports.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner elbow, swelling, reduced range of motion, difficulty fully extending the arm, and pain during or after throwing activities.
12. Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome (PIN Syndrome)
Description: Compression of the posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve), causing weakness and pain in the forearm and hand.
Symptoms: Weakness in wrist extension, difficulty lifting the fingers, pain in the forearm, and loss of dexterity in the hand.
13. Pronator Teres Syndrome (Median Nerve Entrapment at Elbow)
Description: Compression of the median nerve by the pronator teres muscle near the elbow.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inner forearm, numbness in the thumb and first two fingers, and difficulty with tasks requiring grip strength.
14. Pulled Elbow (Nursemaid’s Elbow in Children)
Description: Partial dislocation of the radial head from the elbow joint, common in young children due to sudden pulling of the arm.
Symptoms: Child refuses to use the affected arm, holds the elbow slightly bent, pain and discomfort, and reluctance to move the arm.
15. Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) Injury (Tommy John Injury)
Description: Tear or strain of the UCL ligament on the inner side of the elbow, often due to repetitive stress, such as pitching in baseball.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner side of the elbow, instability, reduced throwing speed or accuracy, and a popping sensation at the time of injury.
1. (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome) Nerve Compression
Description: A condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, or burning sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, weakness in grip, difficulty performing fine motor tasks, and pain that can radiate up the forearm.
2. (Wrist Sprain) Ligament Injury
Description: An injury to the ligaments of the wrist, usually caused by overstretching or tearing due to sudden twisting or falling on an outstretched hand.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, limited range of motion, and a popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury.
3. (De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis) Thumb Tendon Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, affecting the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the thumb side of the wrist, swelling, difficulty gripping objects, and pain that worsens with thumb movement or twisting motions.
4. (Ganglion Cyst) Wrist Lump
Description: A benign, fluid-filled sac that develops on the top or underside of the wrist joint or tendons.
Symptoms: Visible lump or bump on the wrist, discomfort, and sometimes pain or weakness when moving the wrist.
5. (Wrist Tendonitis) Wrist Tendon Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the tendons around the wrist joint, often caused by overuse or repetitive strain.
Symptoms: Pain during wrist movement, swelling, warmth, and sometimes creaking sounds when the wrist is moved.
6. (Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury) Wrist Cartilage Tear
Description: Injury to the soft tissue structures on the small finger side of the wrist, often due to trauma or degeneration.
Symptoms: Pain on the ulnar side of the wrist, clicking or popping sound with movement, weakness, and instability when gripping or rotating the wrist.
7. (Kienböck’s Disease) Lunate Bone Disorder
Description: A condition caused by the loss of blood supply to the lunate bone, leading to bone death (osteonecrosis) and progressive wrist pain.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain in the central wrist, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion, and grip weakness.
8. (Ulnar Impaction Syndrome) Ulnar Bone Wrist Pain
Description: A degenerative condition where the ulnar bone of the forearm impacts against the carpal bones, causing damage to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).
Symptoms: Ulnar-sided wrist pain, pain with gripping, clicking sounds, and limited wrist movement.
9. (Intersection Syndrome) Forearm Tendonitis
Description: An inflammatory condition where the tendons of the wrist extensors cross over the tendons of the thumb (first dorsal compartment).
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and creaking or squeaking sounds in the forearm just above the wrist, aggravated by repetitive wrist or thumb movements.
10. (Wrist Osteoarthritis) Wrist Joint Degeneration
Description: Degenerative changes in the wrist joint cartilage due to wear and tear, aging, or previous injuries.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced range of motion, and sometimes joint deformity.
11. (Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist) Autoimmune Joint Disorder
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the small joints, including the wrist, leading to inflammation, joint damage, and deformity.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, morning stiffness, redness, warmth, and progressive loss of function.
12. (Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Instability) Wrist Bone Instability
Description: A condition where the distal radioulnar joint (between the radius and ulna) becomes unstable due to ligament injury or joint damage.
Symptoms: Pain, clicking or popping sensation during rotation movements, decreased grip strength, and visible instability in severe cases.
13. (Wrist Drop) Radial Nerve Palsy
Description: A condition caused by damage to the radial nerve, leading to the inability to extend the wrist and fingers.
Symptoms: Drooping of the wrist, weakness or inability to extend the wrist and fingers, numbness in the back of the hand and fingers.
14. (Dupuytren’s Contracture) Palm Tissue Thickening
Description: A progressive condition where the fibrous tissue in the palm thickens, leading to finger contractures and deformity.
Symptoms: Nodules or thickened bands in the palm, fingers bent towards the palm (most commonly the ring and little finger), and difficulty straightening the fingers.
15. (Trigger Finger) Finger Tendon Locking
Description: A condition where the flexor tendon of a finger becomes inflamed and gets stuck in a bent position due to thickening of the tendon sheath.
Symptoms: Finger stiffness, popping or catching sensation, pain at the base of the finger, and difficulty straightening the affected finger.
16. (Mallet Finger) Tendon Injury at Finger Tip
Description: An injury to the extensor tendon at the tip of the finger, causing the fingertip to droop and making it difficult to extend the distal phalanx.
Symptoms: Drooping of the fingertip, pain and swelling at the back of the finger, and inability to extend the distal finger joint.
17. (Wrist Synovitis) Joint Lining Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the wrist joint, usually caused by repetitive strain or underlying conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, warmth, restricted motion, and sometimes a feeling of tightness in the wrist.
Description: A condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
Symptoms: Numbness, tingling, or burning sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers, weakness in grip, difficulty performing fine motor tasks, and pain that can radiate up the forearm.
2. (Wrist Sprain) Ligament Injury
Description: An injury to the ligaments of the wrist, usually caused by overstretching or tearing due to sudden twisting or falling on an outstretched hand.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, limited range of motion, and a popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury.
3. (De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis) Thumb Tendon Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, affecting the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the thumb side of the wrist, swelling, difficulty gripping objects, and pain that worsens with thumb movement or twisting motions.
4. (Ganglion Cyst) Wrist Lump
Description: A benign, fluid-filled sac that develops on the top or underside of the wrist joint or tendons.
Symptoms: Visible lump or bump on the wrist, discomfort, and sometimes pain or weakness when moving the wrist.
5. (Wrist Tendonitis) Wrist Tendon Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the tendons around the wrist joint, often caused by overuse or repetitive strain.
Symptoms: Pain during wrist movement, swelling, warmth, and sometimes creaking sounds when the wrist is moved.
6. (Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury) Wrist Cartilage Tear
Description: Injury to the soft tissue structures on the small finger side of the wrist, often due to trauma or degeneration.
Symptoms: Pain on the ulnar side of the wrist, clicking or popping sound with movement, weakness, and instability when gripping or rotating the wrist.
7. (Kienböck’s Disease) Lunate Bone Disorder
Description: A condition caused by the loss of blood supply to the lunate bone, leading to bone death (osteonecrosis) and progressive wrist pain.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain in the central wrist, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion, and grip weakness.
8. (Ulnar Impaction Syndrome) Ulnar Bone Wrist Pain
Description: A degenerative condition where the ulnar bone of the forearm impacts against the carpal bones, causing damage to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC).
Symptoms: Ulnar-sided wrist pain, pain with gripping, clicking sounds, and limited wrist movement.
9. (Intersection Syndrome) Forearm Tendonitis
Description: An inflammatory condition where the tendons of the wrist extensors cross over the tendons of the thumb (first dorsal compartment).
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and creaking or squeaking sounds in the forearm just above the wrist, aggravated by repetitive wrist or thumb movements.
10. (Wrist Osteoarthritis) Wrist Joint Degeneration
Description: Degenerative changes in the wrist joint cartilage due to wear and tear, aging, or previous injuries.
Symptoms: Deep, aching pain, stiffness, swelling, reduced range of motion, and sometimes joint deformity.
11. (Rheumatoid Arthritis of Wrist) Autoimmune Joint Disorder
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the small joints, including the wrist, leading to inflammation, joint damage, and deformity.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, morning stiffness, redness, warmth, and progressive loss of function.
12. (Distal Radioulnar Joint (DRUJ) Instability) Wrist Bone Instability
Description: A condition where the distal radioulnar joint (between the radius and ulna) becomes unstable due to ligament injury or joint damage.
Symptoms: Pain, clicking or popping sensation during rotation movements, decreased grip strength, and visible instability in severe cases.
13. (Wrist Drop) Radial Nerve Palsy
Description: A condition caused by damage to the radial nerve, leading to the inability to extend the wrist and fingers.
Symptoms: Drooping of the wrist, weakness or inability to extend the wrist and fingers, numbness in the back of the hand and fingers.
14. (Dupuytren’s Contracture) Palm Tissue Thickening
Description: A progressive condition where the fibrous tissue in the palm thickens, leading to finger contractures and deformity.
Symptoms: Nodules or thickened bands in the palm, fingers bent towards the palm (most commonly the ring and little finger), and difficulty straightening the fingers.
15. (Trigger Finger) Finger Tendon Locking
Description: A condition where the flexor tendon of a finger becomes inflamed and gets stuck in a bent position due to thickening of the tendon sheath.
Symptoms: Finger stiffness, popping or catching sensation, pain at the base of the finger, and difficulty straightening the affected finger.
16. (Mallet Finger) Tendon Injury at Finger Tip
Description: An injury to the extensor tendon at the tip of the finger, causing the fingertip to droop and making it difficult to extend the distal phalanx.
Symptoms: Drooping of the fingertip, pain and swelling at the back of the finger, and inability to extend the distal finger joint.
17. (Wrist Synovitis) Joint Lining Inflammation
Description: Inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the wrist joint, usually caused by repetitive strain or underlying conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, warmth, restricted motion, and sometimes a feeling of tightness in the wrist.
1. Hip Osteoarthritis (Hip Joint Degeneration)
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage lining the hip joint, leading to bone rubbing on bone.
Symptoms: Hip stiffness, pain, reduced range of motion, discomfort with prolonged standing or walking, and groin pain.
2. Trochanteric Bursitis (Outer Hip Pain/Inflamed Hip Bursae)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located on the outside of the hip, near the greater trochanter.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, tenderness when pressing the affected area, pain worsening with lying on the affected side.
3. Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) (Hip Pinching or Groin Pain)
Description: An abnormal shape of the hip bones causing the hip joint to not fit together properly, leading to pinching and damage.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the groin during hip flexion, stiffness, and a catching or clicking sensation in the hip joint.
4. Hip Labral Tear (Hip Cartilage Tear)
Description: Tear in the ring of cartilage (labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of the hip joint.
Symptoms: Pain deep within the hip joint, clicking, catching, or locking sensations, stiffness, and limited range of motion.
5. Hip Dysplasia (Misaligned Hip Joint)
Description: Abnormal development or alignment of the hip joint, causing increased wear and tear over time.
Symptoms: Pain in the groin, hip instability, a sensation of the hip “giving way,” and reduced range of motion.
6. Piriformis Syndrome (Buttock Muscle Compression/Deep Buttock Pain)
Description: The piriformis muscle irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve, causing pain along the nerve pathway.
Symptoms: Deep buttock pain radiating to the back of the thigh, numbness, and tingling in the leg, worsening with prolonged sitting.
7. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) (Outer Thigh Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of fascia running along the outside of the thigh, due to overuse or friction.
Symptoms: Sharp pain on the outer side of the thigh or knee, tenderness, and a snapping sensation while bending the knee.
8. Hip Flexor Strain (Groin Muscle Pull/Strain)
Description: Injury or overstretching of the muscles in the front of the hip, often caused by sudden movements or overuse.
Symptoms: Pain in the groin or front of the hip, swelling, bruising, and difficulty with activities like climbing stairs or running.
9. Adductor Strain (Inner Thigh Pull)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the adductor muscles located on the inner thigh, typically due to rapid side-to-side movements.
Symptoms: Pain in the inner thigh or groin, swelling, and difficulty bringing the leg inward or crossing legs.
10. Snapping Hip Syndrome (Clicking Hip)
Description: A condition where a tendon or muscle moves over a bony protrusion in the hip, causing a snapping sensation.
Symptoms: Audible snapping sound during movement, discomfort when moving the leg, and pain if the snapping becomes chronic.
11. Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy (Outer Hip Muscle Pain/Weakness)
Description: Degenerative changes or injury to the tendon of the gluteus medius muscle, located on the outer hip.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, difficulty standing on one leg, weakness in the hip muscles, and limping.
12. Ischial Bursitis (Sitting Bone Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located at the ischial tuberosity (sitting bones), often caused by prolonged sitting or repetitive activities.
Symptoms: Deep pain in the buttock region, pain when sitting for long periods, and tenderness over the sitting bone.
13. Hip Pointer (Contusion of the Hip Bone)
Description: Bruising or injury to the iliac crest, often due to direct trauma during sports activities.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp pain in the hip area, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking.
14. Avascular Necrosis of the Hip (Hip Bone Death Due to Poor Blood Supply)
Description: Loss of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to the death of bone tissue and potential joint collapse.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of groin pain, limited range of motion, pain that increases with activity, and difficulty bearing weight.
15. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) (Pain on the Outside of the Hip)
Description: A collection of disorders causing pain around the greater trochanter (bony prominence on the outer hip).
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, tenderness over the greater trochanter, and difficulty lying on the affected side.
16. Hip Stress Fracture (Small Hip Bone Crack)
Description: Small crack in the hip bone due to repetitive stress, common in athletes and elderly patients.
Symptoms: Groin pain during weight-bearing activities, pain that worsens with activity, and tenderness to touch.
17. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (Lower Back & Hip Joint Misalignment)
Description: Dysfunction or misalignment of the sacroiliac joint connecting the spine and pelvis, often causing referred hip pain.
Symptoms: Pain in the lower back, buttock, or hip, stiffness, and discomfort when standing from a seated position.
18. Hamstring Strain or Tear (Back Thigh Muscle Pull)
Description: Injury or overstretching of the hamstring muscles, located at the back of the thigh.
Symptoms: Sudden sharp pain at the back of the thigh, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bending the knee.
19. Hip Tendinitis (Inflamed Hip Tendon)
Description: Inflammation or irritation of the tendons surrounding the hip, often due to overuse or repetitive activities.
Symptoms: Pain around the hip or groin, tenderness, swelling, and difficulty with hip movements.
20. Gluteal Muscle Weakness (Weak Buttock Muscles)
Description: Weakness or underactivity of the gluteal muscles, leading to altered hip and lower back mechanics.
Symptoms: Pain or discomfort in the hip and lower back, difficulty standing or climbing stairs, and hip instability.
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage lining the hip joint, leading to bone rubbing on bone.
Symptoms: Hip stiffness, pain, reduced range of motion, discomfort with prolonged standing or walking, and groin pain.
2. Trochanteric Bursitis (Outer Hip Pain/Inflamed Hip Bursae)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located on the outside of the hip, near the greater trochanter.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, tenderness when pressing the affected area, pain worsening with lying on the affected side.
3. Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) (Hip Pinching or Groin Pain)
Description: An abnormal shape of the hip bones causing the hip joint to not fit together properly, leading to pinching and damage.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the groin during hip flexion, stiffness, and a catching or clicking sensation in the hip joint.
4. Hip Labral Tear (Hip Cartilage Tear)
Description: Tear in the ring of cartilage (labrum) that follows the outside rim of the socket of the hip joint.
Symptoms: Pain deep within the hip joint, clicking, catching, or locking sensations, stiffness, and limited range of motion.
5. Hip Dysplasia (Misaligned Hip Joint)
Description: Abnormal development or alignment of the hip joint, causing increased wear and tear over time.
Symptoms: Pain in the groin, hip instability, a sensation of the hip “giving way,” and reduced range of motion.
6. Piriformis Syndrome (Buttock Muscle Compression/Deep Buttock Pain)
Description: The piriformis muscle irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve, causing pain along the nerve pathway.
Symptoms: Deep buttock pain radiating to the back of the thigh, numbness, and tingling in the leg, worsening with prolonged sitting.
7. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) (Outer Thigh Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of fascia running along the outside of the thigh, due to overuse or friction.
Symptoms: Sharp pain on the outer side of the thigh or knee, tenderness, and a snapping sensation while bending the knee.
8. Hip Flexor Strain (Groin Muscle Pull/Strain)
Description: Injury or overstretching of the muscles in the front of the hip, often caused by sudden movements or overuse.
Symptoms: Pain in the groin or front of the hip, swelling, bruising, and difficulty with activities like climbing stairs or running.
9. Adductor Strain (Inner Thigh Pull)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the adductor muscles located on the inner thigh, typically due to rapid side-to-side movements.
Symptoms: Pain in the inner thigh or groin, swelling, and difficulty bringing the leg inward or crossing legs.
10. Snapping Hip Syndrome (Clicking Hip)
Description: A condition where a tendon or muscle moves over a bony protrusion in the hip, causing a snapping sensation.
Symptoms: Audible snapping sound during movement, discomfort when moving the leg, and pain if the snapping becomes chronic.
11. Gluteus Medius Tendinopathy (Outer Hip Muscle Pain/Weakness)
Description: Degenerative changes or injury to the tendon of the gluteus medius muscle, located on the outer hip.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, difficulty standing on one leg, weakness in the hip muscles, and limping.
12. Ischial Bursitis (Sitting Bone Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located at the ischial tuberosity (sitting bones), often caused by prolonged sitting or repetitive activities.
Symptoms: Deep pain in the buttock region, pain when sitting for long periods, and tenderness over the sitting bone.
13. Hip Pointer (Contusion of the Hip Bone)
Description: Bruising or injury to the iliac crest, often due to direct trauma during sports activities.
Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp pain in the hip area, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking.
14. Avascular Necrosis of the Hip (Hip Bone Death Due to Poor Blood Supply)
Description: Loss of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to the death of bone tissue and potential joint collapse.
Symptoms: Gradual onset of groin pain, limited range of motion, pain that increases with activity, and difficulty bearing weight.
15. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) (Pain on the Outside of the Hip)
Description: A collection of disorders causing pain around the greater trochanter (bony prominence on the outer hip).
Symptoms: Pain on the outer hip, tenderness over the greater trochanter, and difficulty lying on the affected side.
16. Hip Stress Fracture (Small Hip Bone Crack)
Description: Small crack in the hip bone due to repetitive stress, common in athletes and elderly patients.
Symptoms: Groin pain during weight-bearing activities, pain that worsens with activity, and tenderness to touch.
17. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction (Lower Back & Hip Joint Misalignment)
Description: Dysfunction or misalignment of the sacroiliac joint connecting the spine and pelvis, often causing referred hip pain.
Symptoms: Pain in the lower back, buttock, or hip, stiffness, and discomfort when standing from a seated position.
18. Hamstring Strain or Tear (Back Thigh Muscle Pull)
Description: Injury or overstretching of the hamstring muscles, located at the back of the thigh.
Symptoms: Sudden sharp pain at the back of the thigh, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bending the knee.
19. Hip Tendinitis (Inflamed Hip Tendon)
Description: Inflammation or irritation of the tendons surrounding the hip, often due to overuse or repetitive activities.
Symptoms: Pain around the hip or groin, tenderness, swelling, and difficulty with hip movements.
20. Gluteal Muscle Weakness (Weak Buttock Muscles)
Description: Weakness or underactivity of the gluteal muscles, leading to altered hip and lower back mechanics.
Symptoms: Pain or discomfort in the hip and lower back, difficulty standing or climbing stairs, and hip instability.
1. Osteoarthritis (OA) (Knee Joint Degeneration)
Description: A degenerative joint disease causing the breakdown of cartilage in the knee, leading to pain and stiffness.
Symptoms: Pain with activity, morning stiffness, crepitus (crunching sensation), limited range of motion, swelling.
2. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) (Runner’s Knee)
Description: Pain around the kneecap (patella) due to abnormal tracking or alignment issues.
Symptoms: Pain when sitting with bent knees, squatting, running, or climbing stairs.
3. Meniscal Tears (Torn Knee Cartilage)
Description: A tear in the meniscus (cartilage between the thigh and shin bones) due to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, locking or catching of the knee, limited motion, instability.
4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury (Torn ACL Ligament)
Description: A tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate ligament, usually caused by a sudden twist or change in direction.
Symptoms: Popping sound at the time of injury, swelling, instability, difficulty bearing weight.
5. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury (Torn PCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament, often from direct impact to the knee.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the knee, instability, difficulty descending stairs, mild swelling.
6. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury (Torn MCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the ligament on the inside of the knee, often from a blow to the outer knee.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the inner knee, swelling, instability, stiffness.
7. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury (Torn LCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the ligament on the outside of the knee, usually from a direct blow to the inner knee.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer knee, swelling, instability, limited range of motion.
8. Patellar Tendinitis (Jumper’s Knee)
Description: Inflammation of the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone, often from overuse.
Symptoms: Pain below the kneecap, stiffness, swelling, pain during jumping or squatting.
9. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) (Outer Knee Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue running from the hip to the knee.
Symptoms: Sharp pain on the outer knee, pain worsens with running or descending stairs.
10. Bursitis (Inflamed Knee Bursae)
Description: Inflammation of small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the knee joint.
Symptoms: Swelling, warmth, tenderness, pain with movement or pressure on the knee.
11. Chondromalacia Patellae (Softening of Kneecap Cartilage)
Description: Damage to the cartilage on the undersurface of the kneecap, leading to pain and grinding.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain around the kneecap, worse with squatting or kneeling.
12. Baker’s Cyst (Swelling at the Back of the Knee)
Description: A fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind the knee.
Symptoms: Swelling behind the knee, stiffness, pain with knee movement.
13. Patellar Subluxation/Dislocation (Kneecap Instability)
Description: Partial or complete dislocation of the kneecap due to trauma or weak surrounding muscles.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, visible kneecap displacement, feeling of giving way.
14. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Painful Bump Below Kneecap)
Description: An overuse injury causing pain and swelling at the site where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain below the kneecap, visible bump, pain with activity, tenderness.
15. Plica Syndrome (Irritation of Knee Plica)
Description: Inflammation of the plica (a fold in the knee joint lining) due to overuse or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain along the inside of the kneecap, snapping sensation, swelling.
16. Pes Anserine Bursitis (Inner Knee Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located at the inner side of the knee, near the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness at the inner knee, swelling, worse with climbing stairs.
17. Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) (Joint Fragmentation)
Description: A condition where small pieces of bone and cartilage separate from the knee joint surface.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, joint catching, decreased range of motion, instability.
18. Synovitis (Inflamed Knee Synovial Lining)
Description: Inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines the knee joint.
Symptoms: Swelling, warmth, stiffness, pain with movement.
19. Quadriceps Tendinitis (Inflamed Quadriceps Tendon)
Description: Inflammation of the quadriceps tendon above the kneecap due to overuse.
Symptoms: Pain above the kneecap, stiffness, pain with knee bending.
20. Patellar Fracture Rehabilitation (Recovery Post Kneecap Fracture)
Description: Post-injury rehabilitation to restore knee function after a patellar fracture.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, difficulty moving the knee, weakness.
21. Knee Contractures (Knee Stiffness and Limited Movement)
Description: Stiffening and shortening of the knee joint structures, leading to decreased range of motion.
Symptoms: Limited knee movement, pain, inability to fully extend or bend the knee.
22. Post-Total Knee Replacement (TKR) Rehabilitation (Knee Surgery Recovery)
Description: Rehabilitation following knee replacement surgery to restore strength, range of motion, and function.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, stiffness, limited mobility.
23. Tibial Plateau Fracture Rehabilitation (Recovery Post Knee Fracture)
Description: Rehabilitation to restore knee function after a fracture of the upper part of the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, difficulty bearing weight, limited knee movement.
24. Patellar Maltracking (Improper Kneecap Movement)
Description: Abnormal movement of the kneecap, often caused by muscle imbalance or structural issues.
Symptoms: Pain around the kneecap, popping or grinding sensation, instability.
25. Fat Pad Impingement (Hoffa’s Syndrome) (Pain in Front of the Knee)
Description: Inflammation of the fat pad beneath the kneecap due to impingement.
Symptoms: Pain in front of the knee, worsens with standing or hyperextension.
26. Ligament Sprains (Grade I, II, III) (Stretched or Torn Knee Ligaments)
Description: Stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments stabilizing the knee joint.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, instability, limited range of motion (severity depends on grade).
Description: A degenerative joint disease causing the breakdown of cartilage in the knee, leading to pain and stiffness.
Symptoms: Pain with activity, morning stiffness, crepitus (crunching sensation), limited range of motion, swelling.
2. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) (Runner’s Knee)
Description: Pain around the kneecap (patella) due to abnormal tracking or alignment issues.
Symptoms: Pain when sitting with bent knees, squatting, running, or climbing stairs.
3. Meniscal Tears (Torn Knee Cartilage)
Description: A tear in the meniscus (cartilage between the thigh and shin bones) due to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, locking or catching of the knee, limited motion, instability.
4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury (Torn ACL Ligament)
Description: A tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate ligament, usually caused by a sudden twist or change in direction.
Symptoms: Popping sound at the time of injury, swelling, instability, difficulty bearing weight.
5. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury (Torn PCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the posterior cruciate ligament, often from direct impact to the knee.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the knee, instability, difficulty descending stairs, mild swelling.
6. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury (Torn MCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the ligament on the inside of the knee, often from a blow to the outer knee.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the inner knee, swelling, instability, stiffness.
7. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Injury (Torn LCL Ligament)
Description: An injury to the ligament on the outside of the knee, usually from a direct blow to the inner knee.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer knee, swelling, instability, limited range of motion.
8. Patellar Tendinitis (Jumper’s Knee)
Description: Inflammation of the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone, often from overuse.
Symptoms: Pain below the kneecap, stiffness, swelling, pain during jumping or squatting.
9. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) (Outer Knee Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue running from the hip to the knee.
Symptoms: Sharp pain on the outer knee, pain worsens with running or descending stairs.
10. Bursitis (Inflamed Knee Bursae)
Description: Inflammation of small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the knee joint.
Symptoms: Swelling, warmth, tenderness, pain with movement or pressure on the knee.
11. Chondromalacia Patellae (Softening of Kneecap Cartilage)
Description: Damage to the cartilage on the undersurface of the kneecap, leading to pain and grinding.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain around the kneecap, worse with squatting or kneeling.
12. Baker’s Cyst (Swelling at the Back of the Knee)
Description: A fluid-filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind the knee.
Symptoms: Swelling behind the knee, stiffness, pain with knee movement.
13. Patellar Subluxation/Dislocation (Kneecap Instability)
Description: Partial or complete dislocation of the kneecap due to trauma or weak surrounding muscles.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, visible kneecap displacement, feeling of giving way.
14. Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Painful Bump Below Kneecap)
Description: An overuse injury causing pain and swelling at the site where the patellar tendon attaches to the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain below the kneecap, visible bump, pain with activity, tenderness.
15. Plica Syndrome (Irritation of Knee Plica)
Description: Inflammation of the plica (a fold in the knee joint lining) due to overuse or trauma.
Symptoms: Pain along the inside of the kneecap, snapping sensation, swelling.
16. Pes Anserine Bursitis (Inner Knee Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa located at the inner side of the knee, near the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness at the inner knee, swelling, worse with climbing stairs.
17. Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) (Joint Fragmentation)
Description: A condition where small pieces of bone and cartilage separate from the knee joint surface.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, joint catching, decreased range of motion, instability.
18. Synovitis (Inflamed Knee Synovial Lining)
Description: Inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines the knee joint.
Symptoms: Swelling, warmth, stiffness, pain with movement.
19. Quadriceps Tendinitis (Inflamed Quadriceps Tendon)
Description: Inflammation of the quadriceps tendon above the kneecap due to overuse.
Symptoms: Pain above the kneecap, stiffness, pain with knee bending.
20. Patellar Fracture Rehabilitation (Recovery Post Kneecap Fracture)
Description: Post-injury rehabilitation to restore knee function after a patellar fracture.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, difficulty moving the knee, weakness.
21. Knee Contractures (Knee Stiffness and Limited Movement)
Description: Stiffening and shortening of the knee joint structures, leading to decreased range of motion.
Symptoms: Limited knee movement, pain, inability to fully extend or bend the knee.
22. Post-Total Knee Replacement (TKR) Rehabilitation (Knee Surgery Recovery)
Description: Rehabilitation following knee replacement surgery to restore strength, range of motion, and function.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, stiffness, limited mobility.
23. Tibial Plateau Fracture Rehabilitation (Recovery Post Knee Fracture)
Description: Rehabilitation to restore knee function after a fracture of the upper part of the shinbone.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, difficulty bearing weight, limited knee movement.
24. Patellar Maltracking (Improper Kneecap Movement)
Description: Abnormal movement of the kneecap, often caused by muscle imbalance or structural issues.
Symptoms: Pain around the kneecap, popping or grinding sensation, instability.
25. Fat Pad Impingement (Hoffa’s Syndrome) (Pain in Front of the Knee)
Description: Inflammation of the fat pad beneath the kneecap due to impingement.
Symptoms: Pain in front of the knee, worsens with standing or hyperextension.
26. Ligament Sprains (Grade I, II, III) (Stretched or Torn Knee Ligaments)
Description: Stretching or tearing of one or more ligaments stabilizing the knee joint.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, instability, limited range of motion (severity depends on grade).
1. Achilles Tendinopathy (Achilles Tendon Pain)
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the Achilles tendon, often due to overuse or increased stress.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness at the back of the heel, particularly in the morning; pain during activity; swelling and tenderness along the tendon.
2. Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain due to Fascia Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes, often caused by overuse or poor footwear.
Symptoms: Sharp heel pain, particularly in the morning or after prolonged rest; tenderness at the base of the heel; pain worsens with prolonged standing.
3. Ankle Sprain (Ligament Injury in the Ankle)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments that support the ankle, typically occurring when the foot rolls or twists awkwardly.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion; difficulty bearing weight on the affected ankle.
4. Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Bursa Inflammation at the Back of Heel)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) located at the back of the heel, often due to repetitive stress or poorly fitting shoes.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling at the back of the heel, especially during walking or running; tenderness and warmth around the bursa.
5. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Pinched Nerve in the Ankle)
Description: Compression of the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel near the ankle.
Symptoms: Burning pain, numbness, or tingling in the sole of the foot; symptoms worsen with prolonged activity.
6. Peroneal Tendonitis (Outer Ankle Tendon Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the peroneal tendons on the outer side of the ankle, often due to overuse or improper foot biomechanics.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling on the outer ankle; tenderness along the tendons; pain increases with activity.
7. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (Inner Ankle Tendon Dysfunction)
Description: Degeneration or tearing of the posterior tibial tendon, leading to loss of arch support and flatfoot deformity.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner side of the ankle; flattening of the arch; difficulty walking or standing for long periods.
8. Sever’s Disease (Heel Pain in Growing Children)
Description: Inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, common in physically active children and adolescents.
Symptoms: Heel pain, particularly during or after physical activity; tenderness at the back of the heel; difficulty walking or running.
9. Calcaneal Stress Fracture (Heel Bone Crack)
Description: Small crack in the heel bone due to repetitive stress or overuse, often seen in runners or athletes.
Symptoms: Deep heel pain that worsens with activity; swelling and tenderness over the heel; pain may persist even at rest.
10. Heel Spur (Calcium Deposit in the Heel)
Description: Bony growth on the underside of the heel bone, often associated with plantar fasciitis.
Symptoms: Sharp pain at the bottom of the heel; pain increases with walking, standing, or after rest.
11. Cuboid Syndrome (Dislocation of the Cuboid Bone)
Description: Partial dislocation or misalignment of the cuboid bone in the midfoot, often due to ankle sprain or repetitive stress.
Symptoms: Lateral foot pain; difficulty bearing weight on the foot; pain increases with side-to-side movements.
12. Ankle Osteoarthritis (Joint Degeneration in the Ankle)
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage in the ankle joint, leading to pain and stiffness.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the ankle; swelling around the joint; reduced range of motion.
13. Sinus Tarsi Syndrome (Pain in the Front Outer Side of the Ankle)
Description: Inflammation or injury of the sinus tarsi, a small cavity on the outer side of the ankle joint.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer front side of the ankle; difficulty walking on uneven surfaces; instability of the ankle.
14. Morton’s Neuroma (Nerve Pain Between the Toes)
Description: Thickening of the tissue around the nerves between the toes, often due to tight footwear or high-impact activities.
Symptoms: Burning pain in the ball of the foot; numbness or tingling between the toes; sensation of stepping on a pebble.
15. Chronic Ankle Instability (Frequent Ankle Rolling)
Description: Repeated episodes of the ankle giving way, often following an initial severe ankle sprain.
Symptoms: Frequent ankle sprains; pain and swelling; instability during movement.
16. Flat Feet or Pes Planus (Fallen Arches)
Description: Flattening of the arch of the foot, leading to increased stress on the ankles and legs.
Symptoms: Pain in the heel or arch; difficulty standing for long periods; pain that radiates to the ankle or lower leg.
17. High Arches or Pes Cavus (Excessively High Foot Arch)
Description: Abnormally high foot arches, causing poor shock absorption and increased pressure on the heel and ball of the foot.
Symptoms: Pain in the arch or ball of the foot; instability; increased risk of ankle sprains.
18. Ankle Impingement Syndrome (Pinching Pain in the Ankle)
Description: Soft tissue or bony impingement in the ankle, usually following an injury or due to bone spurs.
Symptoms: Pain in the front or back of the ankle; pain worsens with movement or squatting; swelling and stiffness.
19. Posterior Ankle Impingement (Back of the Ankle Pain)
Description: Compression of soft tissues at the back of the ankle, often seen in ballet dancers or athletes.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the ankle, especially with plantarflexion (pointing toes); swelling and tenderness.
20. Anterior Ankle Impingement (Front of the Ankle Pain)
Description: Compression of the tissues in the front of the ankle, often due to repeated dorsiflexion (pulling toes upward).
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the ankle; difficulty squatting or climbing stairs; pain increases with activity.
21. Metatarsalgia (Ball of Foot Pain)
Description: Pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot, often due to overuse, improper footwear, or high arches.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the ball of the foot; worsens with walking or standing; feeling of a pebble in the shoe.
22. Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot Joint Injury)
Description: Damage to the ligaments or bones in the midfoot, often caused by a twisting injury or fall.
22. Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot Joint Injury)
Description: Damage to the ligaments or bones in the midfoot, often caused by a twisting injury or fall.
Symptoms: Swelling and bruising in the midfoot; pain with weight-bearing; instability and difficulty walking.
23. Haglund’s Deformity (Pump Bump)
Description: Bony enlargement on the back of the heel, usually caused by pressure from stiff footwear.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the heel; swelling; redness and tenderness, particularly when wearing shoes.
24. Posterior Tibial Tendonitis (Inner Foot and Ankle Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch of the foot, often due to overuse or flatfoot.
Symptoms: Pain along the inner side of the foot and ankle; swelling; difficulty standing on tiptoes.
25. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints)
Description: Inflammation of the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue around the shin, commonly seen in runners and athletes.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain along the inner part of the shin; pain worsens with activity and decreases with rest.
26. Os Trigonum Syndrome (Accessory Bone in the Ankle)
Description: Pain caused by an extra bone (os trigonum) at the back of the ankle, often seen in ballet dancers or athletes.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the ankle, especially during plantarflexion (pointing toes); stiffness and tenderness.
27. Anterior Tibialis Tendonitis (Front Ankle Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the anterior tibialis tendon, located in the front of the ankle, often caused by repetitive stress or improper footwear.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling at the front of the ankle; tenderness along the tendon; pain worsens with walking or running.
28. Plantar Plate Injury (Ball of Foot Ligament Tear)
Description: Tear of the plantar plate, a thick ligament in the ball of the foot that stabilizes the toes, often caused by overextension.
Symptoms: Pain under the ball of the foot; swelling; toe misalignment; pain increases with walking or standing.
29. Calcaneal Apophysitis (Heel Pain in Children)
Description: Inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, common in physically active children aged 8-14.
Symptoms: Heel pain, especially during physical activity; tenderness and swelling at the back of the heel.
30. Kohler’s Disease (Navicular Bone Disorder in Children)
Description: A rare bone disorder that affects the navicular bone in the midfoot, seen in children aged 4-9.
Symptoms: Midfoot pain and swelling; limping; pain worsens with activity.
Description: Degeneration or inflammation of the Achilles tendon, often due to overuse or increased stress.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness at the back of the heel, particularly in the morning; pain during activity; swelling and tenderness along the tendon.
2. Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain due to Fascia Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes, often caused by overuse or poor footwear.
Symptoms: Sharp heel pain, particularly in the morning or after prolonged rest; tenderness at the base of the heel; pain worsens with prolonged standing.
3. Ankle Sprain (Ligament Injury in the Ankle)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments that support the ankle, typically occurring when the foot rolls or twists awkwardly.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion; difficulty bearing weight on the affected ankle.
4. Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Bursa Inflammation at the Back of Heel)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) located at the back of the heel, often due to repetitive stress or poorly fitting shoes.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling at the back of the heel, especially during walking or running; tenderness and warmth around the bursa.
5. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Pinched Nerve in the Ankle)
Description: Compression of the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel near the ankle.
Symptoms: Burning pain, numbness, or tingling in the sole of the foot; symptoms worsen with prolonged activity.
6. Peroneal Tendonitis (Outer Ankle Tendon Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the peroneal tendons on the outer side of the ankle, often due to overuse or improper foot biomechanics.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling on the outer ankle; tenderness along the tendons; pain increases with activity.
7. Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (Inner Ankle Tendon Dysfunction)
Description: Degeneration or tearing of the posterior tibial tendon, leading to loss of arch support and flatfoot deformity.
Symptoms: Pain on the inner side of the ankle; flattening of the arch; difficulty walking or standing for long periods.
8. Sever’s Disease (Heel Pain in Growing Children)
Description: Inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, common in physically active children and adolescents.
Symptoms: Heel pain, particularly during or after physical activity; tenderness at the back of the heel; difficulty walking or running.
9. Calcaneal Stress Fracture (Heel Bone Crack)
Description: Small crack in the heel bone due to repetitive stress or overuse, often seen in runners or athletes.
Symptoms: Deep heel pain that worsens with activity; swelling and tenderness over the heel; pain may persist even at rest.
10. Heel Spur (Calcium Deposit in the Heel)
Description: Bony growth on the underside of the heel bone, often associated with plantar fasciitis.
Symptoms: Sharp pain at the bottom of the heel; pain increases with walking, standing, or after rest.
11. Cuboid Syndrome (Dislocation of the Cuboid Bone)
Description: Partial dislocation or misalignment of the cuboid bone in the midfoot, often due to ankle sprain or repetitive stress.
Symptoms: Lateral foot pain; difficulty bearing weight on the foot; pain increases with side-to-side movements.
12. Ankle Osteoarthritis (Joint Degeneration in the Ankle)
Description: Degeneration of the cartilage in the ankle joint, leading to pain and stiffness.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the ankle; swelling around the joint; reduced range of motion.
13. Sinus Tarsi Syndrome (Pain in the Front Outer Side of the Ankle)
Description: Inflammation or injury of the sinus tarsi, a small cavity on the outer side of the ankle joint.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer front side of the ankle; difficulty walking on uneven surfaces; instability of the ankle.
14. Morton’s Neuroma (Nerve Pain Between the Toes)
Description: Thickening of the tissue around the nerves between the toes, often due to tight footwear or high-impact activities.
Symptoms: Burning pain in the ball of the foot; numbness or tingling between the toes; sensation of stepping on a pebble.
15. Chronic Ankle Instability (Frequent Ankle Rolling)
Description: Repeated episodes of the ankle giving way, often following an initial severe ankle sprain.
Symptoms: Frequent ankle sprains; pain and swelling; instability during movement.
16. Flat Feet or Pes Planus (Fallen Arches)
Description: Flattening of the arch of the foot, leading to increased stress on the ankles and legs.
Symptoms: Pain in the heel or arch; difficulty standing for long periods; pain that radiates to the ankle or lower leg.
17. High Arches or Pes Cavus (Excessively High Foot Arch)
Description: Abnormally high foot arches, causing poor shock absorption and increased pressure on the heel and ball of the foot.
Symptoms: Pain in the arch or ball of the foot; instability; increased risk of ankle sprains.
18. Ankle Impingement Syndrome (Pinching Pain in the Ankle)
Description: Soft tissue or bony impingement in the ankle, usually following an injury or due to bone spurs.
Symptoms: Pain in the front or back of the ankle; pain worsens with movement or squatting; swelling and stiffness.
19. Posterior Ankle Impingement (Back of the Ankle Pain)
Description: Compression of soft tissues at the back of the ankle, often seen in ballet dancers or athletes.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the ankle, especially with plantarflexion (pointing toes); swelling and tenderness.
20. Anterior Ankle Impingement (Front of the Ankle Pain)
Description: Compression of the tissues in the front of the ankle, often due to repeated dorsiflexion (pulling toes upward).
Symptoms: Pain in the front of the ankle; difficulty squatting or climbing stairs; pain increases with activity.
21. Metatarsalgia (Ball of Foot Pain)
Description: Pain and inflammation in the ball of the foot, often due to overuse, improper footwear, or high arches.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the ball of the foot; worsens with walking or standing; feeling of a pebble in the shoe.
22. Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot Joint Injury)
Description: Damage to the ligaments or bones in the midfoot, often caused by a twisting injury or fall.
22. Lisfranc Injury (Midfoot Joint Injury)
Description: Damage to the ligaments or bones in the midfoot, often caused by a twisting injury or fall.
Symptoms: Swelling and bruising in the midfoot; pain with weight-bearing; instability and difficulty walking.
23. Haglund’s Deformity (Pump Bump)
Description: Bony enlargement on the back of the heel, usually caused by pressure from stiff footwear.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the heel; swelling; redness and tenderness, particularly when wearing shoes.
24. Posterior Tibial Tendonitis (Inner Foot and Ankle Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch of the foot, often due to overuse or flatfoot.
Symptoms: Pain along the inner side of the foot and ankle; swelling; difficulty standing on tiptoes.
25. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin Splints)
Description: Inflammation of the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue around the shin, commonly seen in runners and athletes.
Symptoms: Dull, aching pain along the inner part of the shin; pain worsens with activity and decreases with rest.
26. Os Trigonum Syndrome (Accessory Bone in the Ankle)
Description: Pain caused by an extra bone (os trigonum) at the back of the ankle, often seen in ballet dancers or athletes.
Symptoms: Pain at the back of the ankle, especially during plantarflexion (pointing toes); stiffness and tenderness.
27. Anterior Tibialis Tendonitis (Front Ankle Pain)
Description: Inflammation of the anterior tibialis tendon, located in the front of the ankle, often caused by repetitive stress or improper footwear.
Symptoms: Pain and swelling at the front of the ankle; tenderness along the tendon; pain worsens with walking or running.
28. Plantar Plate Injury (Ball of Foot Ligament Tear)
Description: Tear of the plantar plate, a thick ligament in the ball of the foot that stabilizes the toes, often caused by overextension.
Symptoms: Pain under the ball of the foot; swelling; toe misalignment; pain increases with walking or standing.
29. Calcaneal Apophysitis (Heel Pain in Children)
Description: Inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, common in physically active children aged 8-14.
Symptoms: Heel pain, especially during physical activity; tenderness and swelling at the back of the heel.
30. Kohler’s Disease (Navicular Bone Disorder in Children)
Description: A rare bone disorder that affects the navicular bone in the midfoot, seen in children aged 4-9.
Symptoms: Midfoot pain and swelling; limping; pain worsens with activity.
1. Total Knee Replacement (Knee Joint Replacement)
Description: Surgical procedure to replace the damaged or diseased knee joint with a prosthesis made of metal and plastic components. Typically recommended for severe osteoarthritis or joint damage.
Symptoms: Post-operative swelling, stiffness, and pain around the knee joint; limited range of motion; difficulty with weight-bearing and activities like walking or climbing stairs.
2. Total Hip Replacement (Hip Joint Replacement)
Description: Surgery to replace the hip joint with a prosthetic implant, usually due to osteoarthritis, hip fractures, or other severe joint diseases.
Symptoms: Post-operative hip pain, stiffness, limited hip movement, muscle weakness, and difficulty standing, walking, or performing daily activities.
3. ACL Reconstruction (Knee Ligament Surgery)
Description: Surgical procedure to reconstruct a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a graft, commonly required after sports injuries or trauma.
Symptoms: Knee swelling, pain, instability, and reduced range of motion; difficulty in pivoting or changing directions.
4. Meniscus Repair (Knee Cartilage Surgery)
Description: Surgical repair of a torn meniscus (cartilage) in the knee, often necessary after twisting injuries or sports trauma.
Symptoms: Post-surgical knee pain, tenderness, swelling, and limited movement; clicking or locking sensation in the knee.
5. Rotator Cuff Repair (Shoulder Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair torn tendons of the rotator cuff, a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Commonly performed due to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, limited shoulder mobility, and difficulty lifting the arm overhead.
6. Spinal Fusion (Back Surgery)
Description: Surgery to join two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine and reduce pain caused by conditions like spondylolisthesis or severe degenerative disc disease.
Symptoms: Post-surgical back pain, muscle stiffness, reduced flexibility, and difficulty with movements such as bending or twisting.
7. Laminectomy (Spinal Decompression Surgery)
Description: Surgical removal of a part of the vertebra (lamina) to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, commonly performed for spinal stenosis or herniated discs.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the back, numbness or tingling in the legs, reduced mobility, and weakness in lower extremities.
8. Shoulder Replacement (Shoulder Arthroplasty)
Description: Replacement of the damaged shoulder joint with a prosthetic implant, often due to severe arthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, weakness, and limited range of motion; difficulty performing daily activities involving the shoulder.
9. Achilles Tendon Repair (Ankle Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgical procedure to repair a ruptured Achilles tendon, commonly resulting from sports injuries or sudden stress on the tendon.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, swelling, stiffness in the Achilles region, and difficulty in weight-bearing activities like standing on tiptoes or walking.
10. Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Ankle Stabilization Surgery) Description: Reconstruction of torn or overstretched ankle ligaments to restore stability, usually after repeated ankle sprains or trauma.
Symptoms: Post-operative ankle pain, swelling, stiffness, and instability, making it difficult to perform activities requiring balance or quick direction changes.
11. Hip Labral Repair (Hip Cartilage Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair a torn labrum in the hip joint, which acts as a cushion and stabilizer, often required due to sports injuries or hip impingement.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain in the hip or groin, stiffness, limited hip motion, and a feeling of instability during movement.
12. Fracture Fixation (Bone Surgery for Fracture Stabilization)
Description: Surgical procedure using plates, screws, or rods to stabilize broken bones, allowing them to heal properly. Typically used for complex fractures.
Symptoms: Post-operative pain, swelling, and stiffness around the fracture site; difficulty in using the affected limb.
13. Bunionectomy (Foot Surgery for Bunion Removal)
Description: Surgical removal of a bunion (bony bump at the base of the big toe) and realignment of the toe joint, often caused by improper footwear or genetics.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, swelling, and stiffness at the base of the big toe; difficulty walking or wearing tight shoes.
14. Wrist Carpal Tunnel Release (Nerve Decompression Surgery)
Description: Surgical release of the transverse carpal ligament to reduce pressure on the median nerve, used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms: Post-operative pain, numbness, and tingling in the fingers; weakness in the hand, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.
15. Patellar Tendon Repair (Knee Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair a ruptured patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone, commonly injured in sports.
Symptoms: Post-operative knee pain, swelling, difficulty extending the knee, and reduced quadriceps strength.
16. Shoulder Labral Repair (Bankart Repair)
Description: Repair of a torn labrum (cartilage) in the shoulder joint, often necessary after shoulder dislocations or instability.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, weakness, limited shoulder mobility, and increased risk of recurrent dislocations.
17. Spinal Disc Surgery (Discectomy or Microdiscectomy)
Description: Surgical removal of part of a herniated disc to relieve pressure on a nerve, typically performed for severe sciatica or nerve compression.
Symptoms: Post-operative back pain, stiffness, numbness or tingling in the legs, and difficulty with movements involving bending or lifting.
18. Elbow Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Cubital Tunnel Surgery)
Description: Surgical repositioning of the ulnar nerve at the elbow to relieve pressure, used to treat cubital tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms: Post-operative elbow pain, numbness in the ring and little fingers, weakness in the hand, and reduced grip strength.
19. Hip Fracture Surgery (ORIF or Hip Pinning)
Description: Surgical stabilization of a broken hip using plates, screws, or rods, commonly required in elderly patients after a fall.
Symptoms: Post-operative hip pain, swelling, limited mobility, and difficulty bearing weight.
20. Shoulder Stabilization Surgery (Capsular Shift)
Description: Surgical procedure to tighten the shoulder joint capsule to reduce excessive mobility, often necessary for recurrent shoulder dislocations.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and increased stability.
Description: Surgical procedure to replace the damaged or diseased knee joint with a prosthesis made of metal and plastic components. Typically recommended for severe osteoarthritis or joint damage.
Symptoms: Post-operative swelling, stiffness, and pain around the knee joint; limited range of motion; difficulty with weight-bearing and activities like walking or climbing stairs.
2. Total Hip Replacement (Hip Joint Replacement)
Description: Surgery to replace the hip joint with a prosthetic implant, usually due to osteoarthritis, hip fractures, or other severe joint diseases.
Symptoms: Post-operative hip pain, stiffness, limited hip movement, muscle weakness, and difficulty standing, walking, or performing daily activities.
3. ACL Reconstruction (Knee Ligament Surgery)
Description: Surgical procedure to reconstruct a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using a graft, commonly required after sports injuries or trauma.
Symptoms: Knee swelling, pain, instability, and reduced range of motion; difficulty in pivoting or changing directions.
4. Meniscus Repair (Knee Cartilage Surgery)
Description: Surgical repair of a torn meniscus (cartilage) in the knee, often necessary after twisting injuries or sports trauma.
Symptoms: Post-surgical knee pain, tenderness, swelling, and limited movement; clicking or locking sensation in the knee.
5. Rotator Cuff Repair (Shoulder Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair torn tendons of the rotator cuff, a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Commonly performed due to injury or degeneration.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, limited shoulder mobility, and difficulty lifting the arm overhead.
6. Spinal Fusion (Back Surgery)
Description: Surgery to join two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine and reduce pain caused by conditions like spondylolisthesis or severe degenerative disc disease.
Symptoms: Post-surgical back pain, muscle stiffness, reduced flexibility, and difficulty with movements such as bending or twisting.
7. Laminectomy (Spinal Decompression Surgery)
Description: Surgical removal of a part of the vertebra (lamina) to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, commonly performed for spinal stenosis or herniated discs.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the back, numbness or tingling in the legs, reduced mobility, and weakness in lower extremities.
8. Shoulder Replacement (Shoulder Arthroplasty)
Description: Replacement of the damaged shoulder joint with a prosthetic implant, often due to severe arthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, weakness, and limited range of motion; difficulty performing daily activities involving the shoulder.
9. Achilles Tendon Repair (Ankle Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgical procedure to repair a ruptured Achilles tendon, commonly resulting from sports injuries or sudden stress on the tendon.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, swelling, stiffness in the Achilles region, and difficulty in weight-bearing activities like standing on tiptoes or walking.
10. Ankle Ligament Reconstruction (Ankle Stabilization Surgery) Description: Reconstruction of torn or overstretched ankle ligaments to restore stability, usually after repeated ankle sprains or trauma.
Symptoms: Post-operative ankle pain, swelling, stiffness, and instability, making it difficult to perform activities requiring balance or quick direction changes.
11. Hip Labral Repair (Hip Cartilage Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair a torn labrum in the hip joint, which acts as a cushion and stabilizer, often required due to sports injuries or hip impingement.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain in the hip or groin, stiffness, limited hip motion, and a feeling of instability during movement.
12. Fracture Fixation (Bone Surgery for Fracture Stabilization)
Description: Surgical procedure using plates, screws, or rods to stabilize broken bones, allowing them to heal properly. Typically used for complex fractures.
Symptoms: Post-operative pain, swelling, and stiffness around the fracture site; difficulty in using the affected limb.
13. Bunionectomy (Foot Surgery for Bunion Removal)
Description: Surgical removal of a bunion (bony bump at the base of the big toe) and realignment of the toe joint, often caused by improper footwear or genetics.
Symptoms: Post-surgical pain, swelling, and stiffness at the base of the big toe; difficulty walking or wearing tight shoes.
14. Wrist Carpal Tunnel Release (Nerve Decompression Surgery)
Description: Surgical release of the transverse carpal ligament to reduce pressure on the median nerve, used to treat carpal tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms: Post-operative pain, numbness, and tingling in the fingers; weakness in the hand, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.
15. Patellar Tendon Repair (Knee Tendon Surgery)
Description: Surgery to repair a ruptured patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone, commonly injured in sports.
Symptoms: Post-operative knee pain, swelling, difficulty extending the knee, and reduced quadriceps strength.
16. Shoulder Labral Repair (Bankart Repair)
Description: Repair of a torn labrum (cartilage) in the shoulder joint, often necessary after shoulder dislocations or instability.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, weakness, limited shoulder mobility, and increased risk of recurrent dislocations.
17. Spinal Disc Surgery (Discectomy or Microdiscectomy)
Description: Surgical removal of part of a herniated disc to relieve pressure on a nerve, typically performed for severe sciatica or nerve compression.
Symptoms: Post-operative back pain, stiffness, numbness or tingling in the legs, and difficulty with movements involving bending or lifting.
18. Elbow Ulnar Nerve Transposition (Cubital Tunnel Surgery)
Description: Surgical repositioning of the ulnar nerve at the elbow to relieve pressure, used to treat cubital tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms: Post-operative elbow pain, numbness in the ring and little fingers, weakness in the hand, and reduced grip strength.
19. Hip Fracture Surgery (ORIF or Hip Pinning)
Description: Surgical stabilization of a broken hip using plates, screws, or rods, commonly required in elderly patients after a fall.
Symptoms: Post-operative hip pain, swelling, limited mobility, and difficulty bearing weight.
20. Shoulder Stabilization Surgery (Capsular Shift)
Description: Surgical procedure to tighten the shoulder joint capsule to reduce excessive mobility, often necessary for recurrent shoulder dislocations.
Symptoms: Post-operative shoulder pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and increased stability.
1. Ankle Sprain (Ligament Injury in the Ankle)
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments around the ankle, often caused by rolling or twisting the ankle.
Symptoms: Swelling, pain, bruising, instability, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot.
2. Hamstring Strain (Muscle Injury in the Back of the Thigh)
Description: Injury to the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh due to overstretching or sudden movements like sprinting or jumping.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the back of the thigh, muscle weakness, swelling, and bruising.
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear (Knee Ligament Injury)
Description: A tear of the ACL ligament in the knee, often resulting from sudden stops, changes in direction, or impact injuries in sports like football or basketball.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, instability, and difficulty walking or bearing weight.
4. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Description: Inflammation of the tendons around the elbow joint due to repetitive motions, often seen in racket sports.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow, weakness in the forearm, and difficulty gripping objects.
5. Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
Description: Inflammation of the tendons on the inner side of the elbow due to repetitive use, common in golfers and baseball players.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inside of the elbow, stiffness, and difficulty making a fist.
6. Rotator Cuff Injury (Shoulder Tendon Injury)
Description: Damage or tearing of the muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint, often caused by repetitive overhead movements.
Symptoms: Shoulder pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and difficulty lifting the arm.
7. Achilles Tendonitis (Ankle Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, usually due to overuse or increased physical activity without proper conditioning.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the back of the ankle, particularly in the morning or after rest; swelling along the tendon.
8. Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome)
Description: Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, often caused by repetitive stress, improper footwear, or changes in training intensity.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the inner side of the shin; worsens with activity and improves with rest.
9. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
Description: Pain around the kneecap due to improper alignment, muscle imbalance, or overuse, common in runners and cyclists.
Symptoms: Knee pain during running, squatting, or sitting for prolonged periods; crepitus (grinding sound) in the knee.
10. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (IT Band Syndrome)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue running along the outer thigh, commonly caused by overuse in runners and cyclists.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the knee or thigh, tenderness along the IT band, and pain that worsens with movement.
11. Groin Strain (Adductor Muscle Injury)
Description: Injury to the adductor muscles in the inner thigh, usually caused by sudden movements such as sprinting, jumping, or changing direction.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the inner thigh or groin, swelling, and muscle weakness.
12. Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain due to Fascia Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes, often caused by overuse or improper footwear.
Symptoms: Sharp heel pain, especially in the morning or after prolonged rest; tenderness at the base of the heel.
13. Quadriceps Strain (Front Thigh Muscle Injury)
Description: Tearing or overstretching of the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh, often caused by sudden acceleration or deceleration.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and bruising in the front thigh; difficulty with knee extension.
14. Shoulder Dislocation (Shoulder Joint Displacement)
Description: Displacement of the upper arm bone from the shoulder joint, usually caused by a fall or direct impact in contact sports.
Symptoms: Intense shoulder pain, visible deformity, swelling, and limited shoulder mobility.
15. Meniscus Tear (Knee Cartilage Injury)
Description: Tearing of the meniscus cartilage in the knee, commonly caused by twisting or rotating the knee while bearing weight.
Symptoms: Knee pain, swelling, stiffness, and a catching or locking sensation in the knee.
16. Hip Flexor Strain (Front Hip Muscle Injury)
Description: Injury to the hip flexor muscles, usually caused by sudden contractions or overstretching in activities like sprinting or kicking.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the front of the hip; difficulty lifting the leg.
17. Calf Strain (Calf Muscle Tear)
Description: Tearing of the calf muscle fibers due to overstretching or sudden acceleration during activities like running or jumping.
Symptoms: Sudden pain in the back of the lower leg; swelling, bruising, and difficulty pushing off with the foot.
18. Lower Back Strain (Muscle Strain in the Back)
Description: Injury to the muscles and ligaments in the lower back, often caused by improper lifting or overuse in activities like weightlifting.
Symptoms: Pain, muscle spasms, and stiffness in the lower back; difficulty with bending or twisting.
19. Hip Bursitis (Hip Joint Bursa Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) in the hip joint, often caused by repetitive movements or prolonged pressure.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the hip; tenderness, swelling, and limited range of motion.
Description: Stretching or tearing of the ligaments around the ankle, often caused by rolling or twisting the ankle.
Symptoms: Swelling, pain, bruising, instability, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot.
2. Hamstring Strain (Muscle Injury in the Back of the Thigh)
Description: Injury to the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh due to overstretching or sudden movements like sprinting or jumping.
Symptoms: Sharp pain in the back of the thigh, muscle weakness, swelling, and bruising.
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear (Knee Ligament Injury)
Description: A tear of the ACL ligament in the knee, often resulting from sudden stops, changes in direction, or impact injuries in sports like football or basketball.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, instability, and difficulty walking or bearing weight.
4. Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Description: Inflammation of the tendons around the elbow joint due to repetitive motions, often seen in racket sports.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow, weakness in the forearm, and difficulty gripping objects.
5. Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
Description: Inflammation of the tendons on the inner side of the elbow due to repetitive use, common in golfers and baseball players.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness on the inside of the elbow, stiffness, and difficulty making a fist.
6. Rotator Cuff Injury (Shoulder Tendon Injury)
Description: Damage or tearing of the muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint, often caused by repetitive overhead movements.
Symptoms: Shoulder pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and difficulty lifting the arm.
7. Achilles Tendonitis (Ankle Tendon Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, usually due to overuse or increased physical activity without proper conditioning.
Symptoms: Pain and stiffness in the back of the ankle, particularly in the morning or after rest; swelling along the tendon.
8. Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome)
Description: Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, often caused by repetitive stress, improper footwear, or changes in training intensity.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness along the inner side of the shin; worsens with activity and improves with rest.
9. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner’s Knee)
Description: Pain around the kneecap due to improper alignment, muscle imbalance, or overuse, common in runners and cyclists.
Symptoms: Knee pain during running, squatting, or sitting for prolonged periods; crepitus (grinding sound) in the knee.
10. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (IT Band Syndrome)
Description: Inflammation of the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue running along the outer thigh, commonly caused by overuse in runners and cyclists.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the knee or thigh, tenderness along the IT band, and pain that worsens with movement.
11. Groin Strain (Adductor Muscle Injury)
Description: Injury to the adductor muscles in the inner thigh, usually caused by sudden movements such as sprinting, jumping, or changing direction.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the inner thigh or groin, swelling, and muscle weakness.
12. Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain due to Fascia Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue connecting the heel bone to the toes, often caused by overuse or improper footwear.
Symptoms: Sharp heel pain, especially in the morning or after prolonged rest; tenderness at the base of the heel.
13. Quadriceps Strain (Front Thigh Muscle Injury)
Description: Tearing or overstretching of the quadriceps muscles at the front of the thigh, often caused by sudden acceleration or deceleration.
Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and bruising in the front thigh; difficulty with knee extension.
14. Shoulder Dislocation (Shoulder Joint Displacement)
Description: Displacement of the upper arm bone from the shoulder joint, usually caused by a fall or direct impact in contact sports.
Symptoms: Intense shoulder pain, visible deformity, swelling, and limited shoulder mobility.
15. Meniscus Tear (Knee Cartilage Injury)
Description: Tearing of the meniscus cartilage in the knee, commonly caused by twisting or rotating the knee while bearing weight.
Symptoms: Knee pain, swelling, stiffness, and a catching or locking sensation in the knee.
16. Hip Flexor Strain (Front Hip Muscle Injury)
Description: Injury to the hip flexor muscles, usually caused by sudden contractions or overstretching in activities like sprinting or kicking.
Symptoms: Pain and tenderness in the front of the hip; difficulty lifting the leg.
17. Calf Strain (Calf Muscle Tear)
Description: Tearing of the calf muscle fibers due to overstretching or sudden acceleration during activities like running or jumping.
Symptoms: Sudden pain in the back of the lower leg; swelling, bruising, and difficulty pushing off with the foot.
18. Lower Back Strain (Muscle Strain in the Back)
Description: Injury to the muscles and ligaments in the lower back, often caused by improper lifting or overuse in activities like weightlifting.
Symptoms: Pain, muscle spasms, and stiffness in the lower back; difficulty with bending or twisting.
19. Hip Bursitis (Hip Joint Bursa Inflammation)
Description: Inflammation of the bursa (fluid-filled sac) in the hip joint, often caused by repetitive movements or prolonged pressure.
Symptoms: Pain on the outer side of the hip; tenderness, swelling, and limited range of motion.
(1) Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident – CVA)
Description: Occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.
Symptoms: Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body), confusion, trouble speaking, vision problems, loss of balance.
(2) Parkinson’s Disease
Description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, often accompanied by tremors.
Symptoms: Tremors at rest, muscle stiffness, slowed movements, impaired balance and coordination, difficulty with speech.
(3) Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, causing disruption in communication between the brain and the body.
Symptoms: Fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, blurred vision, difficulty in coordination and balance.
(4) Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Description: A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone or posture, caused by damage to the immature brain before, during, or after birth.
Symptoms: Muscle stiffness or floppiness, poor coordination, involuntary movements, difficulty with speech, and developmental delays.
(5) Peripheral Neuropathy
Description: Damage to the peripheral nerves, often resulting in weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet.
Symptoms: Numbness and tingling, sharp or burning pain, muscle weakness, sensitivity to touch, and loss of coordination.
(6) Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Description: A rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, often following a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection.
Symptoms: Weakness starting in the legs and spreading to the upper body, tingling in the extremities, difficulty with walking and coordination.
(7) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Description: Damage to the spinal cord resulting from trauma or disease, which can lead to partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site.
Symptoms: Loss of movement, loss of sensation, muscle spasms, difficulty with bowel and bladder control, and breathing difficulties.
(8) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Description: A form of brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head, leading to cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments.
Symptoms: Confusion, headaches, dizziness, memory loss, behavioral changes, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
(9) Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
Description: A progressive neurological disorder that affects the motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, difficulty speaking and swallowing, muscle cramps, and spasticity.
(10) Muscular Dystrophy
Description: A group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Symptoms: Muscle wasting, difficulty with movement, loss of reflexes, frequent falls, and difficulty breathing.
(11) Ataxia
Description: A neurological condition characterized by a lack of muscle coordination affecting movement, speech, and balance.
Symptoms: Poor coordination, unsteady gait, difficulty with fine motor tasks, and slurred speech.
(12) Bell’s Palsy
Description: A sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, usually temporary.
Symptoms: Drooping of the mouth or eyelid on one side, loss of facial expression, difficulty with eye closure, and altered sense of taste.
(13) Myasthenia Gravis
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles due to disrupted communication between nerves and muscles.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness that worsens with activity, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty with speech.
(14) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Description: A progressive neurological disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to loss of muscle control.
Symptoms: Muscle twitching, weakness in limbs, difficulty speaking, swallowing difficulties, and progressive muscle wasting.
(15) Huntington’s Disease
Description: A genetic disorder causing the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, affecting movement, cognition, and behavior.
Symptoms: Uncontrolled movements (chorea), difficulty with coordination, mood swings, cognitive decline, and difficulty with swallowing.
(16) Alzheimer’s Disease
Description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes.
Symptoms: Memory loss, confusion, difficulty with daily tasks, mood changes, and disorientation.
(17) Vestibular Disorders
Description: Conditions affecting the inner ear or brain areas that control balance, leading to dizziness and balance problems.
Symptoms: Vertigo, dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and difficulty focusing.
(18) Post-Polio Syndrome
Description: A condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery, causing new muscle weakness and fatigue.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, fatigue, pain, and breathing difficulties.
(19) Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Description: A group of inherited disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and sensory loss.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness in the lower legs, foot deformities, loss of sensation, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
(20) Brachial Plexus Injury
Description: Injury to the network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand, often caused by trauma.
Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis in the arm, loss of sensation, muscle atrophy, and burning or stinging pain in the arm.
Description: Occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.
Symptoms: Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body), confusion, trouble speaking, vision problems, loss of balance.
(2) Parkinson’s Disease
Description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, often accompanied by tremors.
Symptoms: Tremors at rest, muscle stiffness, slowed movements, impaired balance and coordination, difficulty with speech.
(3) Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, causing disruption in communication between the brain and the body.
Symptoms: Fatigue, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, blurred vision, difficulty in coordination and balance.
(4) Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Description: A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone or posture, caused by damage to the immature brain before, during, or after birth.
Symptoms: Muscle stiffness or floppiness, poor coordination, involuntary movements, difficulty with speech, and developmental delays.
(5) Peripheral Neuropathy
Description: Damage to the peripheral nerves, often resulting in weakness, numbness, and pain, usually in the hands and feet.
Symptoms: Numbness and tingling, sharp or burning pain, muscle weakness, sensitivity to touch, and loss of coordination.
(6) Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Description: A rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves, often following a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection.
Symptoms: Weakness starting in the legs and spreading to the upper body, tingling in the extremities, difficulty with walking and coordination.
(7) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Description: Damage to the spinal cord resulting from trauma or disease, which can lead to partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site.
Symptoms: Loss of movement, loss of sensation, muscle spasms, difficulty with bowel and bladder control, and breathing difficulties.
(8) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Description: A form of brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head, leading to cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments.
Symptoms: Confusion, headaches, dizziness, memory loss, behavioral changes, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
(9) Motor Neuron Disease (MND)
Description: A progressive neurological disorder that affects the motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, difficulty speaking and swallowing, muscle cramps, and spasticity.
(10) Muscular Dystrophy
Description: A group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Symptoms: Muscle wasting, difficulty with movement, loss of reflexes, frequent falls, and difficulty breathing.
(11) Ataxia
Description: A neurological condition characterized by a lack of muscle coordination affecting movement, speech, and balance.
Symptoms: Poor coordination, unsteady gait, difficulty with fine motor tasks, and slurred speech.
(12) Bell’s Palsy
Description: A sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, usually temporary.
Symptoms: Drooping of the mouth or eyelid on one side, loss of facial expression, difficulty with eye closure, and altered sense of taste.
(13) Myasthenia Gravis
Description: A chronic autoimmune disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles due to disrupted communication between nerves and muscles.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness that worsens with activity, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty with speech.
(14) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Description: A progressive neurological disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to loss of muscle control.
Symptoms: Muscle twitching, weakness in limbs, difficulty speaking, swallowing difficulties, and progressive muscle wasting.
(15) Huntington’s Disease
Description: A genetic disorder causing the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, affecting movement, cognition, and behavior.
Symptoms: Uncontrolled movements (chorea), difficulty with coordination, mood swings, cognitive decline, and difficulty with swallowing.
(16) Alzheimer’s Disease
Description: A progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and personality changes.
Symptoms: Memory loss, confusion, difficulty with daily tasks, mood changes, and disorientation.
(17) Vestibular Disorders
Description: Conditions affecting the inner ear or brain areas that control balance, leading to dizziness and balance problems.
Symptoms: Vertigo, dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and difficulty focusing.
(18) Post-Polio Syndrome
Description: A condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery, causing new muscle weakness and fatigue.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, fatigue, pain, and breathing difficulties.
(19) Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Description: A group of inherited disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and sensory loss.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness in the lower legs, foot deformities, loss of sensation, and difficulty with balance and coordination.
(20) Brachial Plexus Injury
Description: Injury to the network of nerves that sends signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm, and hand, often caused by trauma.
Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis in the arm, loss of sensation, muscle atrophy, and burning or stinging pain in the arm.